Chapter 13 Flashcard

Part 13

Week 2 Essay Healthcare Essays - Health, , Term Papers

Week 2 Essay: Healthcare POLS210 November 20, 2016 Human services As of now, there are numerous issues that are being bantered in the American medicinal services framework. While a significant number of these issues have been bantered upon for a long time, they have as of late been discussed and centered around more intensely because of the Presidential political race. One of the most noticeable issues that is being discussed right currently is the expense of medical coverage. Initially, the Affordable Healthcare Act should make human services protection moderate and progressively feasible. A long time after the Affordable Healthcare Act was executed; it is obvious that it was a disappointment generally. In an extraordinary dominant part of cases, it bombed the numerous Americans. The Affordable Healthcare Act in a considerable number cases has made social insurance protection more expensive for the American individuals. The protection costs have been on a consistent slope since the Affordable Healthcare Act was placed into play. It likewise floppe d by making a government charge for those Americans that couldn't bear to get inclusion for themselves. There is a variety of assessments on this theme, however most of Americans concur that change is required. The Presidential political decision this November was a phase for the discussion of medicinal services protection costs. Donald Trump tune in to the prominent attitude of most of Americans and prosed to rescind the Affordable Healthcare Act/Obamacare. This arrangement of disposing of Obamacare and the Affordable Healthcare Act is one that most of America concurred with. This arrangement was the most mainstream and was the arrangement that is most accepted to be the most productive and most right arrangement. To the extent this arrangement goes, human services protection would come back to the manner in which it was preceding 2010 when the Affordable Healthcare Act went into place. In the master plan premiums, would drop and that ludicrous expense for not being to bear the cost of medical coverage would evaporate. One more arrangement is to leave the Affordable Healthcare Act unblemished, however to get the premiums somewhere near recovering the non-benefit safety net providers into the protection Marketplace. The objective is get those non-benefit back up plans into protecting again at higher numbers in order to eliminate the numbers being safeguarded by revenue driven organizations. A large number accept that the ascent in for-benefits protecting in the Marketplace is a reason to the ascent in protection premiums and different expenses. It is suggested that if by far most was being guaranteed by non-benefits the premiums and expenses would fall. The American individuals would again have the option to buy medical coverage for organizations that were not in it exclusively to bring in cash for themselves and their organization, yet rather would really think about the individuals, just as care about having the option to give reasonable and dependable medical coverage. The answer for the rising and extraordinary expenses of medical coverage that is by all accounts the best, and generally well known with popular supposition, is to nullify and get rid of the Affordable Healthcare Act/Obamacare. The popular supposition talked in the Presidential political decision and the competitor that side with this arrangement won the political decision. There is no doubt this is the arrangement that is settled upon my most American individuals. Before the Affordable Healthcare Act was actualized, there were lower deductibles and premiums. There was likewise not a duty for not having the option to bear the cost of and buy medical coverage. This arrangement is the one in particular that the American individuals accept would work. It is the arrangement they feel essential so as to get things in the groove again. We have to begin back at ground zero again to the extent medical coverage and the expense of health care coverage goes. Government is the one that has the most impact on human services and its expenses. There are a couple of rules and guidelines at a state level, however the unmistakable greater part is Federal. Medicinal services insurance agencies like to highly esteem being private; notwithstanding, since the Affordable Healthcare Act has become possibly the most important factor that simply isn't that case. The government has decides and guidelines that the organizations must follow these days, in addition to the national government likewise gives assets to some insurance agencies, for example, Medicaid and Medicare. The insurance agencies, rules, and guidelines,

5 Ways to Narrow Your College Search

5 Ways to Narrow Your College Search You might be thinking, There are a thousand colleges I could go to. How in the world am I going to choose just one? Its tough! A lot of great colleges across the country excel in their respective fields, so how do you even begin to compare them? Were giving you 5 ways to narrow things down. 1. Size When looking at various colleges, start by considering size. Do you like the idea of a really big school with lots of people, or do you want to keep it smaller and more personal? Answering this question can begin to narrow your search criteria. Related to size, if you wouldnt mind attending a large university but are concerned you wont receive a personalized classroom experience, pay close attention to student-to-faculty ratios. The lower a ratio is, the fewer large lectures youll find and the more direct access youll have to professors at that university. 2. Location Location is also an important factor when choosing a college. You can live in a big city, a small city, a suburban greenscape, a rural oasis, on top of a mountain, below sea level, or somewhere in between. If you come from a city or a rural town and you really enjoy it, you may want to look into similar locales. On the other hand, if you want to try something new, you could do the exact opposite. But dont be fooledâ€"some cities are quiet, while some rural areas have a vibrant college-town life. As you consider locations, also ask yourself this: How close to home do I want to be? If you want to be able to drive home once a month to see your beloved pet rat (lets call him Fluffy), you may want to consider colleges that are close by. If youre comfortable seeing Fluffy less often and dont mind taking a train or plane to get to him, you might decide to expand your search to include a larger area. 3. Major If you already know what you want your major to be, thats great! Look for schools of your preferred size in your preferred location that have that major. If you arent sure what you want to major in yet, thats also great! You have the opportunity to self-reflect and explore your options at a number of colleges. 4. Cost Cost is such a key factor when deciding where to go to college. Because its a large investment, you want to make sure you get the best value for your education. Familiarize yourself with how much college costs, and then determine the maximum amount you can comfortably afford. At this point, however, dont rule out any schools based on cost alone. Both scholarships and financial aid can help drastically, and we have advice on how to apply for both. 5. Fit The concept of fit is a little less concrete, but its arguably the most important thing on this list. Because if youre going to spend four years of your life at a particular college, you should definitely feel comfortable there. The best way to determine fit is to visit campus, where you can explore the college, including its people and its surroundings, to the fullest. Weve written a blog about what you should look for when visiting, and that blog includes more on this very topic. Once you narrow down your choices based on the above search criteria, its likely that multiple schools will make the cutâ€"and thats a good thing, because you should always apply to more than one college. So if one school ticks off all the right boxes on paper but another school still seems like the dream, dont hesitate to apply to both of them. You can always use this list to narrow down your options again after all those admissions offers come rolling in! How Illinois Stacks Up Size:Large Public UniversityLocation:Champaign-Urbana, IllinoisMajors:150+ in 11 Academic CommunitiesCost: Estimate Your Cost of Attendance and Financial AidFit: Unknown (visit us to find out!) college college prep resources planning Illinois Admissions We're here for you as you prepare for college. Whether you're looking for guidance on the college search process or have questions about Illinois, we hope our blogs will help!

The Punic Wars Essay - 2878 Words

Romans were a very powerful people, and their influence grew and spread very quickly. Through organized armies and great tactics they pushed themselves up the Italian peninsula, seizing land and territory from the Etruscan League. Rome now owned most of the Italian peninsula except for what was owned by the Gaelic Tribes. (Barker) They grew into quite the power and all of Europe recognized them as a powerful force. Their influence grew and spread across the Mediterranean Sea and it forced the meeting of the two greatest forces of the Mediterranean Sea. It is 264 BC and hostilities between the Carthaginians and the Roman republic are on the rise. The fate of the island of Sicily hangs in balance. The Romans hunger for power and land,†¦show more content†¦Those who could not afford the expensive equipment served the military as light infantry, who mainly wielded javelins and would hurl them into enemy lines. The Carthage army wore very strong armor which included chainmail, bronze or iron greaves, full helmets, and the iconic shield that has been on most of the battlegrounds of the ancient world, the Hoplon. Hoplons were used by the Greeks for many generations. It is a sturdy shield of ingenious design with rounded wood covered in bronze. Many Carthaginian soldiers painted religious symbols on their armor and shield, such as the symbol of Tanit. (Basar) All of this; however, pales in comparison to their ultimate weapons. Riding into battle the fearsome African war elephants were a sight that would strike incredible fear into any heart. They were sometimes even armored with chain mail and had men shooting arrows from the tops of them. The Romans were also a force to be reckoned with. They will, after all, go on to conquer most of the known western world and much of that comes from good equipment and training. The core of a roman legionary soldier was his armor. Romans wore armor depending on what type of troop they were. The most common armor of this time period was called Lorica Musculata. This armor was made of strong solid bronze that would fit over the chest and back of the soldier. These chest plates were made in accordance to a Greek style,Show MoreRelatedThe Punic Wars973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Punic Wars were made of three major wars. The last war was kind of a punishment for Carthage from Rome. The two powers in these wars were Rome and Carthage. Rome was controlling the main peninsula of Italy while Carthage was controlling the islands and trade of the Mediterranean. Rome and Carthage were once on a friendly term until things went south well. The Punic Wars have major historical content that involve b oth leaders on opposite side as well as the battles among the two city-states. TheseRead MoreEssay on the Punic Wars650 Words   |  3 PagesThere were three Punic or Carthaginian Wars is Roman history. These were between 264 and 146 BC. These wars were the first great wars of Roman expansion outside Italy. The enemy of Rome had a large empire that stretched along the coast of North America and southern Spain and some parts of Sicily. This empire was known as Carthage. The purpose of these wars was to decide which power would become the dominant force around the Mediterranean Sea. The first Punic War lasted from 264-241 BC. It wasRead MoreThe Battle Of The Punic Wars2439 Words   |  10 PagesThe Punic Wars, a century-long conflict between Rome and Carthage started in 264 B.C. and continued until 146 B.C. when Carthage gets destroyed. Carthage, a Phoenician colony, came to be a superpower of the Mediterranean and posed a threat to the Romans. The First Punic War focuses on gaining control over the islands of Sicily and Corsica. The two powerful countries entered into a dispute between the Sicilian cities of Messana and Syracuse and established their presence on the island. Neither superpowerRead MoreThe Battle Of The Punic Wars1506 Words   |  7 PagesCivilization Professor Smail THE PUNIC WARS During the 3rd and 2nd centuries B.C., three wars were fought between Rome and Carthage. The name given to describe the wars Punic, is a divided word from the Latin and Greek words for Phoenician. The city of Carthage, situated in what is now Tunisia in North Africa, was founded in 814 B.C. by the Phoenicians. The first two wars were the longest 23 years and 17 years, separated by an interval of 23 years. The last and third war lasted only three years. ItRead MoreThe Battle Of The Punic Wars3659 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction The Punic Wars were a defining moment in the expansion of the Roman Republic, with the Second Punic War (218 – 201 BC (Grant, 1960)) playing the part of a corner stone in the bridge to create the powerful Roman Empire. Moreover, this was the first time that Rome had expanded into territories outside of Italy which was pivotal in the development of the Roman Republic, and furthermore the Rome Empire, as it marks the beginning of an imperial Roman power (Rickard, 2001). Accordingly, this war has capturedRead MoreCauses of the Second Punic War1722 Words   |  7 Pagesonce again after the First Punic War (264 to 241 BC). There was no clear victor and the terms set by the Romans were extremely harsh. Even though the main cause of the second war was the war on Saguntum you must go back all the way to the ending of the First War. The war on Saguntum was seen by Polybius to be just the first incident in the war. In this essay I will look into the causes of the Second Punic War with the intention of backing up Polybius argument that the war on Saguntum was just theRead MoreOutcomes From The Second Punic War994 Words   |  4 Pages Outcomes from the Second Punic War The second Pà ºnic war (herein after referred to as, â€Å"the War†) came to a close in 201 BCE, following Scà ­pio’s victory over Hà ¡nnibal at the battle of Zà ¡ma. After seventeen years of warfare, and at a great loss of life on both sides, Rome defeated Cà ¡rthage and came out on top as the new superpower in the Mediterrà ¡nean region. The outcome of this war brought consequences to Cà ¡rthage and created opportunities for Rome (Morey, 1901). The Cost to Cà ¡rthage Economic Cà ¡rthageRead MoreEssay about Punic Wars929 Words   |  4 Pages Discuss the Roman Punic Wars, in terms of their circumstances and overall effect on Rome’s economic and social development Also discuss the ensuing â€Å"Gracchan turbulence† from the same perspective. The circumstance for the Roman Punic Wars towards Rome was a simple human reaction. If an outsider such as Italy, Carthage, or Greece make threats towards Rome, Rome will simply fight. The Punic Wars lasted in 3 stages, all resulting to the obsessive pride and higher standings of Rome. Rome’s initialRead More Carthage And The Punic Wars Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesenemy of Selinius. Carthage, in a lightening fast campaign sacked both Selinius, and the large Greek city of Agrigento. The Carthaginians failed in their attempt to siege Syracusa. After the siege upon Syracusa, the Syracusians built many weapons of war, including the catapult. They then sacked the important Carthaginian city of Moyta. For over the next one hundred years the Carthaginians battled the Syracusians. Rome and Carthage allied and eventually defeated the Syracusians’ army at that time ranRead MoreThe Battle Of The Second Punic War2071 Words   |  9 PagesCarthage and the Roman Republic fought the second Punic War for control of the lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea, considered the entire civilized world at the time. The battles of the second Punic War show Hannibal Barca to be not only the greatest military leader of his age, but perhaps one of the greatest generals of all time. By examining one of Hannibal’s most spectacular victories, the paradigm for a battle of annihilation, military professionals can learn how the Roman commanders might

Environmental Threats - 1435 Words

Environmental threats There are several things to be considered when making an evaluation of the environmental threats that a company faces and this analysis will look from the general to the particular to some of these. At the general level, economic factors can always have an impact on the development and evolution of the company. Motor Tire Limited, like all other business entities on the market, is subject to the impact of the global economy, as well as the economic policies of the governments. With that in mind, Motor Tire Limited will have to adapt to the threat of economic downturns that would, in turn, decrease demand for the products that the company is selling. At the same time, governmental instruments such as the interest rate could also play into the way that the macroeconomic environment changes, posing a potential threat to the company. Socio-economic threats, on a larger scale, could include threats such as the decrease of the volume of workforce, with less potential employees on the market, something that will affect Motor Tire Limiteds output. It is difficult to provide a solution to this threat, but the current economic situation in the world would imply that Motor Tire Limited should adopt a prudent policy and strategic approach. It should likely focus on consolidating its market, and work towards reaching its market share objectives in a way that is not too risky and that doesnt not leave the company overexposed. A process of consolidation alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Threat Of Environmental Harm1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe doubt surrounding possible threats to environment has often been used as a reason to avoid taking action to protect the environment. However, it is not always possible to have clear evidence of a threat to the environment before the damage happens. The Precautionary Principle has been widely incorporated, in various forms, in international environmental agreements and declarations and further developed in a number of national laws. An element common to the various formulations of the PrecautionaryRead M oreClimate Change And Environmental Threats1260 Words   |  6 Pages Climate change and environmental threats came more into focus in the last years and presently they represent a large challenge for the society. This means that environmental considerations have to be integrated into a number of different decisions made by businesses, individuals, policymakers and public administrators (Finnveden et al. 2009). Environmental Systems analysis is the field that ‘attempts to find supply technology systems solutions to these challenges’ (Chalmers University, 2012) InRead MoreEnvironmental Analysis : An Organization And Evaluating The Level Of Threat Or Opportunity They Present Essay2769 Words   |  12 PagesEnvironmental Analysis Environmental analysis is a process for identifying all external and internal elements that can affect the performance of the organization and evaluating the level of threat or opportunity they present. Opportunity and threat assessments are then incorporated into decision making process in order to better align strategies with the organizations environment (Investor Words, 2015). Every destination needs to know about their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatsRead MoreThe Environmental Threat Of Aviation1201 Words   |  5 Pagesaviation when it expands globally. With the foreseen growth in this field, there is going to be unavoidable problems, which allow the opportunity to address the problems. The biggest possible environmental threat to aviation is a lack of knowledge. In today’s media, global warming and other environmental topics that are played with politicians. The United States’ Congress can’t even come to a definite conclusion that global warming exists. This could be due to some’s desire for dependence uponRead More Environmental Threats Essay example1895 Words   |  8 Pages Contemporary Issues Environmental threats Overpopulation Every 20 minutes, the world adds another 3,500 human lives but loses one or more entire species of animal or plant life - at least 27,000 species per year. ZGP July 1999 World population growth peaked at about two percent per year in the early 1960s. Latest population figures indicate that the rate of growth has slowed to 1.33 percent annually, equivalent to 78 million people a year. UNFPA 1999 The highest world population growth rateRead MoreEnvironmental Threats Of The Twenty First Century901 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Threats of the Twenty-First Century While there are many grave environmental issues plaguing our society today, two problems truly stand out: water sanitation and overpopulation. These issues have the potential to destroy our planet and have become almost insurmountable in recent years. Unless mankind takes action, our future generations may be in a dire situation. If we were able to conquer these two major dilemmas, we can enjoy many centuries to come. However, if the current trendsRead MoreMaternal Behavior Of Ewe Sensing An Environmental Threat Changes1277 Words   |  6 Pages Objective: The objective of this study is to determine if the level of maternal behavior of ewe sensing an environmental threat changes as in stage of pre-parturition to the post-parturition. The hypothesis is that the frequency of maternal ewe’s behavior of facing adversary such as any environmental threat increases from the pre-natal stage to the post-natal stage as they give birth to be more protective for its offspring. Introductory: For the mammals, the female nurse and care for the offspringRead MoreSecurity Controls And The Utilization Of Technical And Nontechnical Strategies Essay875 Words   |  4 Pagesmechanisms, ID, encryption techniques and intrusion detection program or software). Nontechnical controls on the other hand are administration and operational controls that includes security approaches; operational methodology; and physical and environmental security NIST, 2002). SunTrust Bank should implement technical controls with respect to how information and data are being encrypted, what program is being utilized to identify any intrusion to their network and system and how customers/clientsRead MoreBehavioral And Contextual Factors That Affect The Females And Minority Students Career Choices Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesBesides stereotype threats, there is also a group of behavioral and contextual factors which affect the females and minority students’ career choices. These individual diff erences affect the adolescent’s potential outcome in STEM. These differences are also supported by two theories which also can explain the results of career choice. First is the theory from Lent, Brown, Hacket (1994,2000) called the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) which emphasizes self-efficacy as well as its link to theRead MoreRacial Stereotypes On Race, By President Abraham Lincoln1908 Words   |  8 Pagesin society today is important when learning about the impacts of stereotypes on race, especially in exploring theories such as stereotype threat. This principle of racism being normalized is the first of the five tenets established in a structured outline of a way of thinking called the Critical Race Theory. Claude Steele says that he believes stereotype threat is a standard predicament of life. In saying this he means that by simply being a member of society we know what generalizations are made

Investigating the effect of pH on the activity of phosphatase enzymes Free Essays

My aim in this experiment is to see how well an enzyme (phosphatase in this case) reacts under a controlled temperature but a varying pH. Enzymes are known to be effected by pH and temperature. Both of these change how quickly the enzyme can process a substrate, so perfect matches must be found for each enzyme. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating the effect of pH on the activity of phosphatase enzymes or any similar topic only for you Order Now At a low temperature, the enzymes reaction is so slow that any product is hardly noticeable. At a high temperature, or an extreme pH, the active site of the enzyme is damaged, so the substrate cannot be processed. I predict that the optimal pH for the reaction to take place will be more acidic when the temperature is set at 25o c and the length of incubation is 10 minutes. A suitable pH would be between 3 – 5oc. I conducted preliminary experiments and chose to incubate at 25o c instead of the higher temperatures for the simple reason that I knew that at a higher temperature (around 35o c), the reaction would go at its fastest, and I ran the risk of high magenta values (I wanted to keep them all under 1 so they could be easily compared). I therefore wanted to see what would happen at lower than 35o c as far as reactions were concerned, so I chose 25o c. My method was adapted from a worksheet on varying the temperature in the same reaction, keeping pH constant. 1. Label a microfuge tube with your initials. 2. Place two mung beans into the labeled tube. 3. Add 0.5ml distilled water into the tube containing the beans. 4. Crush and macerate the beans with a small glass/plastic rod. 5. Take a second microfuge tube and add water to the same level as the one containing the mung beans. (TO BALANCE THE CENTRIFUGE RACK) 6. Place the tubes into opposite holes of the centrifuge rack and spin for 5 minutes at maximum speed 7. After spinning, draw off as much of the clear supernatant above the pellet as possible and place into a clean microfuge tube. This solution now contains the enzymes for the experiment. 8. Using a graduated pipettor, add 100?l of sodium carbonate (the buffer solution in this experiment). 9. Then add 20?l PPP substrate to each of the eight microfuge tubes. Wash the pippettor thoroughly. 10. Finally, add 20?l enzyme solution into it. 11. Repeat steps 8 through 10 as quickly as possible, to collect all the microfuge tubes. Now insert them into a Styrofoam float and place this on the surface of the water bath for 10 minutes, timed with a stop clock. 12. Now add 100?l Sodium Carbonate to stop the reactions. 13. Estimate the colour of the magenta using the magenta filters provided. The possible variables in this method are the volumes of substrate, enzyme and sodium carbonate along with the time in the water bath and the temperature of the water bath. The volumes will be measured as closely as possible with a micropippettor. Results: The number in the test tube column is the magenta filter that corresponded to the colour of the completed reaction. The higher numbers mean more reaction, lower means less reaction. Every time that I added the sodium carbonate to cancel the reaction, the colour change to magenta was sudden and with a small amount of shaking, the whole liquid was tinted purple. I managed to take 2 readings for each pH, and therefore average them. Without doing the preliminary experiment, I would have never known what temperature to try. This graph shows clearly how good my results were. They fit with my prediction that the optimum pH for a Phosphate enzyme is around pH 3-5, and therefore we can say that it requires a more acidic pH than an alkaline one. My conclusion, using this graph as evidence, is that a Phosphate enzyme works at its maximum speed at a lower pH, in this experiment pH 4, taking into account the other variables in the experiment. For instance, at a different water temperature, the pH required may vary. As mentioned before, as the temperature raises, so does the probability of denaturation. From the results, I assume this is beginning to happen before pH 5. But these results are not precise. I have no way of knowing which side of pH 4 the reaction is faster, i.e. if pH 3.9 is faster than pH 4, or pH 4.1. The pH4 that I got as being the fastest speed may not be the pinnacle of the reaction curve. Huge accuracy errors could have been made, for instance: * Was the precise equal amount of liquid put in each of the tubes? Probably not, the micropipette was hard to use and had very small scales. * Some reactions began before others when preparing to put the microfuge tubes into the water bath. You had to work incredibly quickly to prepare all of the tubes in as fast a time as possible. However, seeing how precise my results were, either I made the same mistakes over and over, therefore giving a whole set of incorrect results, or I did them all very well. This is the risk in using this method. If I were to change the method, I would get far more precise pipettes and find a way of adding the enzyme into the solution as quickly as possible, like getting 8 micropipettes filled and ready, then using one for each microfuge tube in quick succession. If this experiment was to be taken further, I would get people to work together and double check their accuracy as they go, so that they can do the final step before incubation in half the time or less. Instead of changing the pH, they could change the variable concerning the temperature of the water bath to be incubated in. Another possibility is that the different volumes could be changed to see how the results vary, of course only one at a time. For example, change the amount of enzyme to be put into the mixture, continue the experiment with other set variables and see what type of results you get. How to cite Investigating the effect of pH on the activity of phosphatase enzymes, Papers

Recruitment and Selection into Specialty Training

Questions: Task 1 The briefing document must in the format of a report and properly referenced.Task 2 Produce a document that describes suitable processes for recruiting staff to an on-line retailer. You are also required to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of running both a high street and an on-line retail business? Answers: Introduction: The main purpose of the report is to provide the learners with appropriate skills as well as knowledge that would enable one to be adequately effective in achieving proper employment. The report is based on the scenario of the firm Timbacourt which is a subsidiary of Premier Products. It is a retailer dealing in high-end fashion clothes both for men as well as women. Task 1: Recruitment, Selection Training of Staff: Recruitment refers to the procedure of identifying of an applicant that the firm needs at the current situation to employ him for a post that became vacant due to some reason. Once recruitment process has been accomplished, selection process is conducted to make a choice of the best applicant suitable to occupy the post (Yeh, 2003). When both recruitment and selection processes are completed, training is imparted to the chosen applicants and these processes ensure that the employees acquire necessary attitudes, skills, and knowledge to achieve organizational objectives. Recruitment may be conducted within a firm to fill a vacant post by either internal or external process (Ward and McKillop, 2010). External recruitment The procedure of external recruitment would make it possible for Timbacourt retail store to make choice from a wide pool of talents and also provide opportunities for bringing innovative experience as well as ideas into the business. External recruitment may prove to be expensive and may result in hiring of an ineffective applicant. Various steps exist that may define the nature of specific jobs for the purpose of recruitment. All the concerned managers of every department must take adequate care in making the best selection of recruitment process. These are designed for creating a positive image towards applicants who can be potential employees, providing clear understanding of work and what would be expected of them, enhancing quality of applicant pool, and reducing risk of ineffective decision. Recruiting managers need to discuss their plans or strategies with human resource services to allow perfect guidance as well as support to get all processes run smoothly. It is to be highly considered and taken care of during the phase of shaping the contents of recruitment activity perfect for vacancy (Treven, 2003). Draft information may be used in announcing position involving brief description of the required work and preferences for qualifications of employees like specific training, skills, abilities and knowledge. The coordinator of employment would review such announcement draft to maintain consistency with required specifications. If any selection technique is planned other than interview, it must be related directly to the key requirements of job and must be selected carefully, designed professionally, and applied properly for ensuring no existence of biasness within the selection process. Whenever required, help and support must be taken from the human resource department. Selection of staffs for vacant positions would be based upon their qualifications required to fill a position. Benefits would be given to those contestants who are considered to be most qualified. The respective authority should document reasonably the hiring decisions for verifying the advantages imparted and ground for selection (Supplemental Material for Individual Influence on Model Selection, 2012). The applicants need to possess the least qualification as well as experience for the respective position. The method would be used in cases of recruitments, transfers, promotions, and reinstatements. The qualification as well as experience needed act as indicators of the required knowledge, abilities, and skills as presented through job evaluation results in successful performances. Specific set of formal education can be substituted for necessary experience in several positions. In this context, three concepts may be mentioned of, namely job analysis, job description and job specification. Job analysis refers to the process of examining jobs for identifying vital requirements of jobs. This signifies the title of jobs, the employee responsible for the particular jobs, a concrete description of duties of to be performed by the employee (Snyder and Shahani-Denning, 2012). Job analysis would be useful for selecting employees from existing staffs or newly recruited staff. Job analysis also specifies the training needs of specific job, generates information to be used in making key decisions regarding materials to be used in the jobs, identify key risks, and many others. This job analysis may be conducted by the retail store by observing directly upon employees while at work, and also getting information from interviewing employees, or referring to training manuals. Job description for Retail Managers: All the managers engaged in the Timbacourt must be responsible for the on-going daily operations in departments. Their objectives must be to enhance profit while reducing costs. These managers need to ensure accurate promotions so that these are merchandized to the organizational standards, effective customer standards are achieved, and company staffs are well-versed upon the days target (Shim, Lusch and Goldsberry, 2002). Based on the size of the new store and the firms structure, all the managers may need to deal with marketing, human resource, information technology, logistics, finance, and customer service. The staffs at various departments must feel motivated to accomplish organizational objectives. They must not prioritize their personal objectives rather than organizational objectives. The staffs are required to perform their duties and deliver responsibilities in the most effective manner possible. Some of the common tasks of all retail managers would be: Managing as well as motivating teams to enhance sales with efficiency Managing of stock levels by taking effective decisions on stock control Analyzing and forecasting sales Deal with staff issues like conducting interviews, appraisals of performances, and arranging for training as well as development (Sanchez-Bahillo et al., 2012) Ensuring customer service, quality standards, and health standards Respond to customer comments Organizing special displays, events and promotions To maintain updates on business performances, and other issues (Poon, 2012) Maintaining records of market trends in the particular sector with proper understanding of customer demands and competitions. Introducing changes for business innovation Person specification for Retail Managers: Person specification refers to the means of identifying qualifications, knowledge, experience, competencies, and attributes required by an applicant to ensure effective business conducts. Such a structure needs to be clear and precise within the recruitment process as conditions upon which most desirable applicants would be shortlisted as well as selected (Pain, 2013). The process requires special care in devising the structure to ensure that the specifications do not discriminate amidst individuals in an unlawful manner. In case of Timbacourt, since the retail store aims at engaging into profitable activities, the human resource department of the firm needs to ensure effective planning person specification. The retail managers at Timbacourt are required to meet the standards of the following person specifications: The managers at all departments of Timbacourt must be highly efficient to deal with the day-to-day operations at the store (Miulescu, 2013). The managers must be effective enough to manage their team members and make them realize about the overall organizational objectives. The managers must assign suitable roles and responsibilities to each of their team members (Oparanma, 2011). The managers have the key responsibility to help the members realize the organizational objectives to achieve the desired profitability as well as effectiveness. The managers must maintain records of each of the members regarding their responsibilities, performance standards, and efficiency. Another key roles of retail managers at Timbacourt would be to motivate the team members to participate in the effective decision-making process within the store, and encourage them to take up increased responsibilities to achieve their personal goals along with organizational objectives. Job description for Staffs: Job description refers to the detailed account of the job including what all functions are to be performed, what procedures are to be followed, what all equipment or tools are to be used by the employees, and what time is required to accomplish the tasks. It sets out how an employee would fit into the firm (Miulescu, 2013). The job description for the staffs would present the list of processes or functions that the organizational members and staffs are required to perform and deliver. The job description would even state the procedures of the operations to enable the staffs to perform the tasks effectively. It would mention about the equipment to be used while performing the operations, and also the stipulated time within which the operations would be accomplished. The staffs at Timbacourt would be managed by their respective managers at various departments. The staffs are required to take on the roles and responsibilities assigned to them by their departmental managers. The assigned task would be clearly demonstrated to them through the job description (Kim, 2014). It would provide them every detail of the assigned task with respective processes, required materials, equipment, tools, and stipulated time to perform the operations. the staffs need to keep in mind about the desired organizational objectives vision while performing for the tasks. Training Plan for Managers: As the Company aims at expanding itself in the United Kingdom with the launch of a retail clothing store, it is important for the entire store to realize the importance of developing its employee at all organizational levels. The departmental managers are responsible for the daily operations of the store and it is only with their support and innovative managerial skills that the store may successfully increase its customer base and sales (Miller, Biggart and Newton, 2013). In order to enable the organizational managers to enhance their competencies, all junior managers across the different departments must be trained adequately. Thus, a plan has to be formulated to conduct effective training sessions for the departmental managers (Gingerich, 2007). Training of the managers may take place in two ways on the job training and off the job training. On the job training may be conducted where managers would learn through work experience practically. On the other hand, off the job training would allow managers to learn by attending courses. In this case, the departmental managers may be imparted with apprenticeship training and effective coaching or mentoring. The store managers may be grouped into batches and on an alternative manner these batches may be trained by effective mentors and experienced professionals from internal or external sources. Person specification for Staffs: Person or job specification highlights mental as well as physical features of the applicant. In case of Timbacourt retailer, the staffs at all departments are required to abide by the responsibilities assigned to them by their managers. The staffs at various departments must feel motivated to accomplish organizational objectives (Furnham and Chamorro-Premuzic, 2010). They must not prioritize their personal objectives rather than organizational objectives. The staffs are required to perform their duties and deliver responsibilities in the most effective manner possible. The staffs need to participate effectively in the decision-making process of the management to direct the firm towards the path of increased profitability. Task 2: Methods of Selection of Staffs: Selection of staffs for vacant positions would be based upon their qualifications required to fill a position. Benefits would be given to those contestants who are considered to be most qualified. The respective authority should document reasonably the hiring decisions for verifying the advantages imparted and ground for selection (Daily and Dalton, 2004). The applicants need to possess the least qualification as well as experience for the respective position. The method would be used in cases of recruitments, transfers, promotions, and reinstatements. The qualification as well as experience needed act as indicators of the required knowledge, abilities, and skills as presented through job evaluation results in successful performances. Specific set of formal education can be substituted for necessary experience in several positions (Duffin, 2013). Prediction of performances of future job is quite a complex process considering that effective performances within any given job role would be affected by variables organizationally or individually. Thus, research states that selection decisions should not be isolated from human resource practices occurring before or after the process. The practice of diversity management is another important factor to be considered in decision-making process (Bulle, 2014). The firm may make use of a much more sophisticated selection process and not just relying upon only one source of information based on which decisions about suitability of applicants would be taken for any specific job scopes. Some of the effective selection approaches drawn by the firm are informal as well as unstructured interviews, conducted over telephone or even structured situational interviews, competency-related interviews, selection through assessment centers, and psychometric tests. The utilization of psychometric tests within the selection process would be perceived as an approach to ensure procedural justice considering that tests would be administered equally for every applicant (Broadbridge and Parsons, 2005). It needs to be considered the firm Timbacourt that any job can be performed by individuals in different manners or ways and can still be effective. Hence, a one-size selection approach should never be selected by the firm. No matter how complex the process of recruitment or selection be, it is always important for the firm to monitor systematically the results of the recruitment or selection policies as well as practices. Recruitment Strategy: The retail store may implement some of the key strategies in the recruitment procedure and these may be advertisements in local papers, through recruiting agencies or firms, special journals, corporate websites, speculative applications, employee referral procedure, etc. These strategies would enable the firm to attract potential applicants (Abuzeid, 2008). Internet recruitment with technological advancement, online recruitment process acts as a useful means to recruit by recruitment agencies or employers. The rate of online recruitment has increased ever since 1998 and is still believed to grow (Broadbridge, 2007). The retail store of Timbacourt may implement the strategy of online recruitment of potential employees. This would reduce the overall costs of recruitment of the firm. The benefits not only reduces the overall costs, but it also enable the firm to reach a wide pool of applicants, reducing recruitment cycle, reduction of tedious paper works in the recruitment procedure. Online recruitment may provide an increased flexibility for applicants, thereby matching job-seeking nature of the labor market. Besides, online recruitment may create effective opportunities for firms to apply few pre-selection tests or tools, thereby enhancing the likelihood of effective match amidst applicants as well as job vacancies (Alstete, 2006). Employee referral schemes this technique of employee referral scheme has been becoming increasingly popular in practice. In this technique, existing employees refer or suggest potential applicants from their own social networks. In the present situation, majority organizations use this technique as it is considered to be one of the most reliable methods. The benefits of this technique include reduced recruitment expense and also allowing applicants to acquire an increased realistic job preview (Amin and Islam, n.d.). Besides, the willingness of present employees to suggest firms to others is utilized as an effective measure of commitment of firms within increased-performance workplaces. Recruitment may be conducted within a firm to fill a vacant post by either internal or external process. External recruitment The procedure of external recruitment would make it possible for Timbacourt retail store to make choice from a wide pool of talents and also provide opportunities for bringing innovative experience as well as ideas into the business. All the concerned managers of every department must take adequate care in making the best selection of recruitment process. These are designed for creating a positive image towards applicants who can be potential employees, providing clear understanding of work and what would be expected of them, enhancing quality of applicant pool, and reducing risk of ineffective decision (Anu, 2011). Recruiting managers need to discuss their plans or strategies with human resource services to allow perfect guidance as well as support to get all processes run smoothly. It is to be highly considered and taken care of during the phase of shaping the contents of recruitment activity perfect for vacancy. Impact of Timbacourts on-line business in relation to high street retail business: The online business firms would be increasingly motivated with the data of past success in the commerce of online business. Previously, customer had preferred reaching to the retailer shops to select products out of many options, and along with the technological advancements, the concept of online business had emerged. Even this innovative concept of online business is yet a new scope of investments (Augustin et al., 2014). The following graph would reflect the growing popularity on online conducts of business and increasing sales and revenues of the firm. Source: (Bauer, 2014) Online retail business has witnessed tremendous growth and success in the recent years. The traditional means have been well replaced by the advanced technology. Customers prefer taking less pain and effort to go up to the retail store to buy their desired products. Rather, they prefer buying those products sitting back at home by means of online purchase systems. The venture of Timbacourt to conduct business online would have greater impacts on customer satisfaction than that of its retail store at high street. The online processes would provide accessibility to increased customer base and this would allow more and more customers to become loyal customers of the brands (Broadbridge, 2002). With much ease and convenience, customers would be able to purchase products from out of numerous product options. The firm can also utilize internet-based process to track as well as manage applications of candidates that would provide considerable benefits to Timbacourt in terms of cost, efficie ncy, and capability for monitoring all recruitment actions. The modern technique of recruitment through online portal would replace all drawbacks of the traditional recruitment system such as lack of innovation to acquire the most efficient and suitable candidates for the desired post within the firm. References Abuzeid, A. (2008). Recruitment and selection into specialty training.Psychiatric Bulletin, 32(7), pp.274-274. Alstete, J. (2006). Inside advice on educating managers for preventing employee theft.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 34(11), pp.833-844. Amin, M. and Islam, A. (n.d.). Do Retail Firms Favor Female Managers? Evidence from Survey Data in Developing Countries.SSRN Journal. Anu, G. (2011). Seminars with Professionals: An Effective Recruitment Strategy.Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 5. Augustin, I., Long, T., Rose, S. and Wass, C. (2014). Recruitment of house staff into anesthesiology: a longitudinal evaluation of factors responsible for selecting a career in anesthesiology and an individual training program.Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 26(2), pp.91-105. Bauer, J. (2014). Selection Errors of Random Route Samples.Sociological Methods Research, 43(3), pp.519-544. Broadbridge, A. (2002). Retail managers: their work stressors and coping strategies.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 9(3), pp.173-183. Broadbridge, A. (2007). Dominated by women: managed by men? The career development process of retail managers.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 35(12), pp.956-974. Broadbridge, A. and Parsons, E. (2005). Gender and career choice.Career Dev Int, 10(2), pp.80-97. Bulle, N. (2014). A Method of Measuring Inequality Within a Selection Process.Sociological Methods Research. Daily, C. and Dalton, D. (2004). Director recruitment: planning and process.Journal of Business Strategy, 25(4). Dhillon, D. (n.d.). To Identify the Employability Skills for Managers through the Content Analysis of the Selected Job Advertisements.SSRN Journal. Duffin, C. (2013). Managers failing to heed lessons from Mid Staffs, survey suggests.Nursing Standard, 27(24), pp.5-5. Furnham, A. and Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2010). Consensual Beliefs about the Fairness and Accuracy of Selection Methods at University.International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 18(4), pp.417-424. Gingerich, B. (2007). Staff Recruitment, Retention, and Training Strategies.Home Health Care Management Practice, 19(2), pp.151-153. Kim, J. (2014). Importance of alveolar recruitment strategy revisited.Korean J Anesthesiol, 67(2), p.75. Miller, L., Biggart, A. and Newton, B. (2013). Basic and employability skills.International Journal of Training and Development, 17(3), pp.173-175. Miulescu, I. (2013). Personality Traits of Managers with Professional Evolution in Retail Industry.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 78, pp.235-239. Oparanma, A. (2011). The Relationship between Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Managers in the Retail Business in Nigerian.African Research Review, 5(5). Pain, E. (2013). Job Search Tips from Hiring Managers.Science. Poon, J. (2012). Real estate graduates employability skills.Property Management, 30(5), pp.416-434. Sanchez-Bahillo, A., Davis, C., Onyon, R. and Birtle, J. (2012). Involving service users in the recruitment of mental health staff: the Service User Informed Tool for Staff Selection (SUITSS).The Psychiatrist, 36(4), pp.133-136. Shim, S., Lusch, R. and Goldsberry, E. (2002). Leadership style profiles of retail managers: personal, organizational and managerial characteristics.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 30(4), pp.186-201. Snyder, J. and Shahani-Denning, C. (2012). Fairness Reactions to Personnel Selection Methods: A look at professionals in Mumbai, India.Int J Select Assess, 20(3), pp.297-307. Supplemental Material for Individual Influence on Model Selection. (2012).Psychological Methods. Treven, S. (2003). International training: the training of managers for assignment abroad.Education + Training, 45(8/9), pp.550-557. Ward, A. and McKillop, D. (2010). PROFILING: A STRATEGY FOR SUCCESSFUL VOLUNTEER RECRUITMENT IN CREDIT UNIONS.Financial Accountability Management, 26(4), pp.367-391. Yeh, C. (2003). The Selection of Multiattribute Decision Making Methods for Scholarship Student Selection.International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11(4), pp.289-296. References