Chapter 13 Flashcard

Part 13

Week 2 Essay Healthcare Essays - Health, , Term Papers

Week 2 Essay: Healthcare POLS210 November 20, 2016 Human services As of now, there are numerous issues that are being bantered in the American medicinal services framework. While a significant number of these issues have been bantered upon for a long time, they have as of late been discussed and centered around more intensely because of the Presidential political race. One of the most noticeable issues that is being discussed right currently is the expense of medical coverage. Initially, the Affordable Healthcare Act should make human services protection moderate and progressively feasible. A long time after the Affordable Healthcare Act was executed; it is obvious that it was a disappointment generally. In an extraordinary dominant part of cases, it bombed the numerous Americans. The Affordable Healthcare Act in a considerable number cases has made social insurance protection more expensive for the American individuals. The protection costs have been on a consistent slope since the Affordable Healthcare Act was placed into play. It likewise floppe d by making a government charge for those Americans that couldn't bear to get inclusion for themselves. There is a variety of assessments on this theme, however most of Americans concur that change is required. The Presidential political decision this November was a phase for the discussion of medicinal services protection costs. Donald Trump tune in to the prominent attitude of most of Americans and prosed to rescind the Affordable Healthcare Act/Obamacare. This arrangement of disposing of Obamacare and the Affordable Healthcare Act is one that most of America concurred with. This arrangement was the most mainstream and was the arrangement that is most accepted to be the most productive and most right arrangement. To the extent this arrangement goes, human services protection would come back to the manner in which it was preceding 2010 when the Affordable Healthcare Act went into place. In the master plan premiums, would drop and that ludicrous expense for not being to bear the cost of medical coverage would evaporate. One more arrangement is to leave the Affordable Healthcare Act unblemished, however to get the premiums somewhere near recovering the non-benefit safety net providers into the protection Marketplace. The objective is get those non-benefit back up plans into protecting again at higher numbers in order to eliminate the numbers being safeguarded by revenue driven organizations. A large number accept that the ascent in for-benefits protecting in the Marketplace is a reason to the ascent in protection premiums and different expenses. It is suggested that if by far most was being guaranteed by non-benefits the premiums and expenses would fall. The American individuals would again have the option to buy medical coverage for organizations that were not in it exclusively to bring in cash for themselves and their organization, yet rather would really think about the individuals, just as care about having the option to give reasonable and dependable medical coverage. The answer for the rising and extraordinary expenses of medical coverage that is by all accounts the best, and generally well known with popular supposition, is to nullify and get rid of the Affordable Healthcare Act/Obamacare. The popular supposition talked in the Presidential political decision and the competitor that side with this arrangement won the political decision. There is no doubt this is the arrangement that is settled upon my most American individuals. Before the Affordable Healthcare Act was actualized, there were lower deductibles and premiums. There was likewise not a duty for not having the option to bear the cost of and buy medical coverage. This arrangement is the one in particular that the American individuals accept would work. It is the arrangement they feel essential so as to get things in the groove again. We have to begin back at ground zero again to the extent medical coverage and the expense of health care coverage goes. Government is the one that has the most impact on human services and its expenses. There are a couple of rules and guidelines at a state level, however the unmistakable greater part is Federal. Medicinal services insurance agencies like to highly esteem being private; notwithstanding, since the Affordable Healthcare Act has become possibly the most important factor that simply isn't that case. The government has decides and guidelines that the organizations must follow these days, in addition to the national government likewise gives assets to some insurance agencies, for example, Medicaid and Medicare. The insurance agencies, rules, and guidelines,

5 Ways to Narrow Your College Search

5 Ways to Narrow Your College Search You might be thinking, There are a thousand colleges I could go to. How in the world am I going to choose just one? Its tough! A lot of great colleges across the country excel in their respective fields, so how do you even begin to compare them? Were giving you 5 ways to narrow things down. 1. Size When looking at various colleges, start by considering size. Do you like the idea of a really big school with lots of people, or do you want to keep it smaller and more personal? Answering this question can begin to narrow your search criteria. Related to size, if you wouldnt mind attending a large university but are concerned you wont receive a personalized classroom experience, pay close attention to student-to-faculty ratios. The lower a ratio is, the fewer large lectures youll find and the more direct access youll have to professors at that university. 2. Location Location is also an important factor when choosing a college. You can live in a big city, a small city, a suburban greenscape, a rural oasis, on top of a mountain, below sea level, or somewhere in between. If you come from a city or a rural town and you really enjoy it, you may want to look into similar locales. On the other hand, if you want to try something new, you could do the exact opposite. But dont be fooledâ€"some cities are quiet, while some rural areas have a vibrant college-town life. As you consider locations, also ask yourself this: How close to home do I want to be? If you want to be able to drive home once a month to see your beloved pet rat (lets call him Fluffy), you may want to consider colleges that are close by. If youre comfortable seeing Fluffy less often and dont mind taking a train or plane to get to him, you might decide to expand your search to include a larger area. 3. Major If you already know what you want your major to be, thats great! Look for schools of your preferred size in your preferred location that have that major. If you arent sure what you want to major in yet, thats also great! You have the opportunity to self-reflect and explore your options at a number of colleges. 4. Cost Cost is such a key factor when deciding where to go to college. Because its a large investment, you want to make sure you get the best value for your education. Familiarize yourself with how much college costs, and then determine the maximum amount you can comfortably afford. At this point, however, dont rule out any schools based on cost alone. Both scholarships and financial aid can help drastically, and we have advice on how to apply for both. 5. Fit The concept of fit is a little less concrete, but its arguably the most important thing on this list. Because if youre going to spend four years of your life at a particular college, you should definitely feel comfortable there. The best way to determine fit is to visit campus, where you can explore the college, including its people and its surroundings, to the fullest. Weve written a blog about what you should look for when visiting, and that blog includes more on this very topic. Once you narrow down your choices based on the above search criteria, its likely that multiple schools will make the cutâ€"and thats a good thing, because you should always apply to more than one college. So if one school ticks off all the right boxes on paper but another school still seems like the dream, dont hesitate to apply to both of them. You can always use this list to narrow down your options again after all those admissions offers come rolling in! How Illinois Stacks Up Size:Large Public UniversityLocation:Champaign-Urbana, IllinoisMajors:150+ in 11 Academic CommunitiesCost: Estimate Your Cost of Attendance and Financial AidFit: Unknown (visit us to find out!) college college prep resources planning Illinois Admissions We're here for you as you prepare for college. Whether you're looking for guidance on the college search process or have questions about Illinois, we hope our blogs will help!

The Punic Wars Essay - 2878 Words

Romans were a very powerful people, and their influence grew and spread very quickly. Through organized armies and great tactics they pushed themselves up the Italian peninsula, seizing land and territory from the Etruscan League. Rome now owned most of the Italian peninsula except for what was owned by the Gaelic Tribes. (Barker) They grew into quite the power and all of Europe recognized them as a powerful force. Their influence grew and spread across the Mediterranean Sea and it forced the meeting of the two greatest forces of the Mediterranean Sea. It is 264 BC and hostilities between the Carthaginians and the Roman republic are on the rise. The fate of the island of Sicily hangs in balance. The Romans hunger for power and land,†¦show more content†¦Those who could not afford the expensive equipment served the military as light infantry, who mainly wielded javelins and would hurl them into enemy lines. The Carthage army wore very strong armor which included chainmail, bronze or iron greaves, full helmets, and the iconic shield that has been on most of the battlegrounds of the ancient world, the Hoplon. Hoplons were used by the Greeks for many generations. It is a sturdy shield of ingenious design with rounded wood covered in bronze. Many Carthaginian soldiers painted religious symbols on their armor and shield, such as the symbol of Tanit. (Basar) All of this; however, pales in comparison to their ultimate weapons. Riding into battle the fearsome African war elephants were a sight that would strike incredible fear into any heart. They were sometimes even armored with chain mail and had men shooting arrows from the tops of them. The Romans were also a force to be reckoned with. They will, after all, go on to conquer most of the known western world and much of that comes from good equipment and training. The core of a roman legionary soldier was his armor. Romans wore armor depending on what type of troop they were. The most common armor of this time period was called Lorica Musculata. This armor was made of strong solid bronze that would fit over the chest and back of the soldier. These chest plates were made in accordance to a Greek style,Show MoreRelatedThe Punic Wars973 Words   |  4 PagesThe Punic Wars were made of three major wars. The last war was kind of a punishment for Carthage from Rome. The two powers in these wars were Rome and Carthage. Rome was controlling the main peninsula of Italy while Carthage was controlling the islands and trade of the Mediterranean. Rome and Carthage were once on a friendly term until things went south well. The Punic Wars have major historical content that involve b oth leaders on opposite side as well as the battles among the two city-states. TheseRead MoreEssay on the Punic Wars650 Words   |  3 PagesThere were three Punic or Carthaginian Wars is Roman history. These were between 264 and 146 BC. These wars were the first great wars of Roman expansion outside Italy. The enemy of Rome had a large empire that stretched along the coast of North America and southern Spain and some parts of Sicily. This empire was known as Carthage. The purpose of these wars was to decide which power would become the dominant force around the Mediterranean Sea. The first Punic War lasted from 264-241 BC. It wasRead MoreThe Battle Of The Punic Wars2439 Words   |  10 PagesThe Punic Wars, a century-long conflict between Rome and Carthage started in 264 B.C. and continued until 146 B.C. when Carthage gets destroyed. Carthage, a Phoenician colony, came to be a superpower of the Mediterranean and posed a threat to the Romans. The First Punic War focuses on gaining control over the islands of Sicily and Corsica. The two powerful countries entered into a dispute between the Sicilian cities of Messana and Syracuse and established their presence on the island. Neither superpowerRead MoreThe Battle Of The Punic Wars1506 Words   |  7 PagesCivilization Professor Smail THE PUNIC WARS During the 3rd and 2nd centuries B.C., three wars were fought between Rome and Carthage. The name given to describe the wars Punic, is a divided word from the Latin and Greek words for Phoenician. The city of Carthage, situated in what is now Tunisia in North Africa, was founded in 814 B.C. by the Phoenicians. The first two wars were the longest 23 years and 17 years, separated by an interval of 23 years. The last and third war lasted only three years. ItRead MoreThe Battle Of The Punic Wars3659 Words   |  15 PagesIntroduction The Punic Wars were a defining moment in the expansion of the Roman Republic, with the Second Punic War (218 – 201 BC (Grant, 1960)) playing the part of a corner stone in the bridge to create the powerful Roman Empire. Moreover, this was the first time that Rome had expanded into territories outside of Italy which was pivotal in the development of the Roman Republic, and furthermore the Rome Empire, as it marks the beginning of an imperial Roman power (Rickard, 2001). Accordingly, this war has capturedRead MoreCauses of the Second Punic War1722 Words   |  7 Pagesonce again after the First Punic War (264 to 241 BC). There was no clear victor and the terms set by the Romans were extremely harsh. Even though the main cause of the second war was the war on Saguntum you must go back all the way to the ending of the First War. The war on Saguntum was seen by Polybius to be just the first incident in the war. In this essay I will look into the causes of the Second Punic War with the intention of backing up Polybius argument that the war on Saguntum was just theRead MoreOutcomes From The Second Punic War994 Words   |  4 Pages Outcomes from the Second Punic War The second Pà ºnic war (herein after referred to as, â€Å"the War†) came to a close in 201 BCE, following Scà ­pio’s victory over Hà ¡nnibal at the battle of Zà ¡ma. After seventeen years of warfare, and at a great loss of life on both sides, Rome defeated Cà ¡rthage and came out on top as the new superpower in the Mediterrà ¡nean region. The outcome of this war brought consequences to Cà ¡rthage and created opportunities for Rome (Morey, 1901). The Cost to Cà ¡rthage Economic Cà ¡rthageRead MoreEssay about Punic Wars929 Words   |  4 Pages Discuss the Roman Punic Wars, in terms of their circumstances and overall effect on Rome’s economic and social development Also discuss the ensuing â€Å"Gracchan turbulence† from the same perspective. The circumstance for the Roman Punic Wars towards Rome was a simple human reaction. If an outsider such as Italy, Carthage, or Greece make threats towards Rome, Rome will simply fight. The Punic Wars lasted in 3 stages, all resulting to the obsessive pride and higher standings of Rome. Rome’s initialRead More Carthage And The Punic Wars Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesenemy of Selinius. Carthage, in a lightening fast campaign sacked both Selinius, and the large Greek city of Agrigento. The Carthaginians failed in their attempt to siege Syracusa. After the siege upon Syracusa, the Syracusians built many weapons of war, including the catapult. They then sacked the important Carthaginian city of Moyta. For over the next one hundred years the Carthaginians battled the Syracusians. Rome and Carthage allied and eventually defeated the Syracusians’ army at that time ranRead MoreThe Battle Of The Second Punic War2071 Words   |  9 PagesCarthage and the Roman Republic fought the second Punic War for control of the lands bordering the Mediterranean Sea, considered the entire civilized world at the time. The battles of the second Punic War show Hannibal Barca to be not only the greatest military leader of his age, but perhaps one of the greatest generals of all time. By examining one of Hannibal’s most spectacular victories, the paradigm for a battle of annihilation, military professionals can learn how the Roman commanders might

Environmental Threats - 1435 Words

Environmental threats There are several things to be considered when making an evaluation of the environmental threats that a company faces and this analysis will look from the general to the particular to some of these. At the general level, economic factors can always have an impact on the development and evolution of the company. Motor Tire Limited, like all other business entities on the market, is subject to the impact of the global economy, as well as the economic policies of the governments. With that in mind, Motor Tire Limited will have to adapt to the threat of economic downturns that would, in turn, decrease demand for the products that the company is selling. At the same time, governmental instruments such as the interest rate could also play into the way that the macroeconomic environment changes, posing a potential threat to the company. Socio-economic threats, on a larger scale, could include threats such as the decrease of the volume of workforce, with less potential employees on the market, something that will affect Motor Tire Limiteds output. It is difficult to provide a solution to this threat, but the current economic situation in the world would imply that Motor Tire Limited should adopt a prudent policy and strategic approach. It should likely focus on consolidating its market, and work towards reaching its market share objectives in a way that is not too risky and that doesnt not leave the company overexposed. A process of consolidation alsoShow MoreRelatedThe Threat Of Environmental Harm1255 Words   |  6 PagesThe doubt surrounding possible threats to environment has often been used as a reason to avoid taking action to protect the environment. However, it is not always possible to have clear evidence of a threat to the environment before the damage happens. The Precautionary Principle has been widely incorporated, in various forms, in international environmental agreements and declarations and further developed in a number of national laws. An element common to the various formulations of the PrecautionaryRead M oreClimate Change And Environmental Threats1260 Words   |  6 Pages Climate change and environmental threats came more into focus in the last years and presently they represent a large challenge for the society. This means that environmental considerations have to be integrated into a number of different decisions made by businesses, individuals, policymakers and public administrators (Finnveden et al. 2009). Environmental Systems analysis is the field that ‘attempts to find supply technology systems solutions to these challenges’ (Chalmers University, 2012) InRead MoreEnvironmental Analysis : An Organization And Evaluating The Level Of Threat Or Opportunity They Present Essay2769 Words   |  12 PagesEnvironmental Analysis Environmental analysis is a process for identifying all external and internal elements that can affect the performance of the organization and evaluating the level of threat or opportunity they present. Opportunity and threat assessments are then incorporated into decision making process in order to better align strategies with the organizations environment (Investor Words, 2015). Every destination needs to know about their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threatsRead MoreThe Environmental Threat Of Aviation1201 Words   |  5 Pagesaviation when it expands globally. With the foreseen growth in this field, there is going to be unavoidable problems, which allow the opportunity to address the problems. The biggest possible environmental threat to aviation is a lack of knowledge. In today’s media, global warming and other environmental topics that are played with politicians. The United States’ Congress can’t even come to a definite conclusion that global warming exists. This could be due to some’s desire for dependence uponRead More Environmental Threats Essay example1895 Words   |  8 Pages Contemporary Issues Environmental threats Overpopulation Every 20 minutes, the world adds another 3,500 human lives but loses one or more entire species of animal or plant life - at least 27,000 species per year. ZGP July 1999 World population growth peaked at about two percent per year in the early 1960s. Latest population figures indicate that the rate of growth has slowed to 1.33 percent annually, equivalent to 78 million people a year. UNFPA 1999 The highest world population growth rateRead MoreEnvironmental Threats Of The Twenty First Century901 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironmental Threats of the Twenty-First Century While there are many grave environmental issues plaguing our society today, two problems truly stand out: water sanitation and overpopulation. These issues have the potential to destroy our planet and have become almost insurmountable in recent years. Unless mankind takes action, our future generations may be in a dire situation. If we were able to conquer these two major dilemmas, we can enjoy many centuries to come. However, if the current trendsRead MoreMaternal Behavior Of Ewe Sensing An Environmental Threat Changes1277 Words   |  6 Pages Objective: The objective of this study is to determine if the level of maternal behavior of ewe sensing an environmental threat changes as in stage of pre-parturition to the post-parturition. The hypothesis is that the frequency of maternal ewe’s behavior of facing adversary such as any environmental threat increases from the pre-natal stage to the post-natal stage as they give birth to be more protective for its offspring. Introductory: For the mammals, the female nurse and care for the offspringRead MoreSecurity Controls And The Utilization Of Technical And Nontechnical Strategies Essay875 Words   |  4 Pagesmechanisms, ID, encryption techniques and intrusion detection program or software). Nontechnical controls on the other hand are administration and operational controls that includes security approaches; operational methodology; and physical and environmental security NIST, 2002). SunTrust Bank should implement technical controls with respect to how information and data are being encrypted, what program is being utilized to identify any intrusion to their network and system and how customers/clientsRead MoreBehavioral And Contextual Factors That Affect The Females And Minority Students Career Choices Essay1557 Words   |  7 PagesBesides stereotype threats, there is also a group of behavioral and contextual factors which affect the females and minority students’ career choices. These individual diff erences affect the adolescent’s potential outcome in STEM. These differences are also supported by two theories which also can explain the results of career choice. First is the theory from Lent, Brown, Hacket (1994,2000) called the social cognitive career theory (SCCT) which emphasizes self-efficacy as well as its link to theRead MoreRacial Stereotypes On Race, By President Abraham Lincoln1908 Words   |  8 Pagesin society today is important when learning about the impacts of stereotypes on race, especially in exploring theories such as stereotype threat. This principle of racism being normalized is the first of the five tenets established in a structured outline of a way of thinking called the Critical Race Theory. Claude Steele says that he believes stereotype threat is a standard predicament of life. In saying this he means that by simply being a member of society we know what generalizations are made

Investigating the effect of pH on the activity of phosphatase enzymes Free Essays

My aim in this experiment is to see how well an enzyme (phosphatase in this case) reacts under a controlled temperature but a varying pH. Enzymes are known to be effected by pH and temperature. Both of these change how quickly the enzyme can process a substrate, so perfect matches must be found for each enzyme. We will write a custom essay sample on Investigating the effect of pH on the activity of phosphatase enzymes or any similar topic only for you Order Now At a low temperature, the enzymes reaction is so slow that any product is hardly noticeable. At a high temperature, or an extreme pH, the active site of the enzyme is damaged, so the substrate cannot be processed. I predict that the optimal pH for the reaction to take place will be more acidic when the temperature is set at 25o c and the length of incubation is 10 minutes. A suitable pH would be between 3 – 5oc. I conducted preliminary experiments and chose to incubate at 25o c instead of the higher temperatures for the simple reason that I knew that at a higher temperature (around 35o c), the reaction would go at its fastest, and I ran the risk of high magenta values (I wanted to keep them all under 1 so they could be easily compared). I therefore wanted to see what would happen at lower than 35o c as far as reactions were concerned, so I chose 25o c. My method was adapted from a worksheet on varying the temperature in the same reaction, keeping pH constant. 1. Label a microfuge tube with your initials. 2. Place two mung beans into the labeled tube. 3. Add 0.5ml distilled water into the tube containing the beans. 4. Crush and macerate the beans with a small glass/plastic rod. 5. Take a second microfuge tube and add water to the same level as the one containing the mung beans. (TO BALANCE THE CENTRIFUGE RACK) 6. Place the tubes into opposite holes of the centrifuge rack and spin for 5 minutes at maximum speed 7. After spinning, draw off as much of the clear supernatant above the pellet as possible and place into a clean microfuge tube. This solution now contains the enzymes for the experiment. 8. Using a graduated pipettor, add 100?l of sodium carbonate (the buffer solution in this experiment). 9. Then add 20?l PPP substrate to each of the eight microfuge tubes. Wash the pippettor thoroughly. 10. Finally, add 20?l enzyme solution into it. 11. Repeat steps 8 through 10 as quickly as possible, to collect all the microfuge tubes. Now insert them into a Styrofoam float and place this on the surface of the water bath for 10 minutes, timed with a stop clock. 12. Now add 100?l Sodium Carbonate to stop the reactions. 13. Estimate the colour of the magenta using the magenta filters provided. The possible variables in this method are the volumes of substrate, enzyme and sodium carbonate along with the time in the water bath and the temperature of the water bath. The volumes will be measured as closely as possible with a micropippettor. Results: The number in the test tube column is the magenta filter that corresponded to the colour of the completed reaction. The higher numbers mean more reaction, lower means less reaction. Every time that I added the sodium carbonate to cancel the reaction, the colour change to magenta was sudden and with a small amount of shaking, the whole liquid was tinted purple. I managed to take 2 readings for each pH, and therefore average them. Without doing the preliminary experiment, I would have never known what temperature to try. This graph shows clearly how good my results were. They fit with my prediction that the optimum pH for a Phosphate enzyme is around pH 3-5, and therefore we can say that it requires a more acidic pH than an alkaline one. My conclusion, using this graph as evidence, is that a Phosphate enzyme works at its maximum speed at a lower pH, in this experiment pH 4, taking into account the other variables in the experiment. For instance, at a different water temperature, the pH required may vary. As mentioned before, as the temperature raises, so does the probability of denaturation. From the results, I assume this is beginning to happen before pH 5. But these results are not precise. I have no way of knowing which side of pH 4 the reaction is faster, i.e. if pH 3.9 is faster than pH 4, or pH 4.1. The pH4 that I got as being the fastest speed may not be the pinnacle of the reaction curve. Huge accuracy errors could have been made, for instance: * Was the precise equal amount of liquid put in each of the tubes? Probably not, the micropipette was hard to use and had very small scales. * Some reactions began before others when preparing to put the microfuge tubes into the water bath. You had to work incredibly quickly to prepare all of the tubes in as fast a time as possible. However, seeing how precise my results were, either I made the same mistakes over and over, therefore giving a whole set of incorrect results, or I did them all very well. This is the risk in using this method. If I were to change the method, I would get far more precise pipettes and find a way of adding the enzyme into the solution as quickly as possible, like getting 8 micropipettes filled and ready, then using one for each microfuge tube in quick succession. If this experiment was to be taken further, I would get people to work together and double check their accuracy as they go, so that they can do the final step before incubation in half the time or less. Instead of changing the pH, they could change the variable concerning the temperature of the water bath to be incubated in. Another possibility is that the different volumes could be changed to see how the results vary, of course only one at a time. For example, change the amount of enzyme to be put into the mixture, continue the experiment with other set variables and see what type of results you get. How to cite Investigating the effect of pH on the activity of phosphatase enzymes, Papers

Recruitment and Selection into Specialty Training

Questions: Task 1 The briefing document must in the format of a report and properly referenced.Task 2 Produce a document that describes suitable processes for recruiting staff to an on-line retailer. You are also required to highlight the advantages and disadvantages of running both a high street and an on-line retail business? Answers: Introduction: The main purpose of the report is to provide the learners with appropriate skills as well as knowledge that would enable one to be adequately effective in achieving proper employment. The report is based on the scenario of the firm Timbacourt which is a subsidiary of Premier Products. It is a retailer dealing in high-end fashion clothes both for men as well as women. Task 1: Recruitment, Selection Training of Staff: Recruitment refers to the procedure of identifying of an applicant that the firm needs at the current situation to employ him for a post that became vacant due to some reason. Once recruitment process has been accomplished, selection process is conducted to make a choice of the best applicant suitable to occupy the post (Yeh, 2003). When both recruitment and selection processes are completed, training is imparted to the chosen applicants and these processes ensure that the employees acquire necessary attitudes, skills, and knowledge to achieve organizational objectives. Recruitment may be conducted within a firm to fill a vacant post by either internal or external process (Ward and McKillop, 2010). External recruitment The procedure of external recruitment would make it possible for Timbacourt retail store to make choice from a wide pool of talents and also provide opportunities for bringing innovative experience as well as ideas into the business. External recruitment may prove to be expensive and may result in hiring of an ineffective applicant. Various steps exist that may define the nature of specific jobs for the purpose of recruitment. All the concerned managers of every department must take adequate care in making the best selection of recruitment process. These are designed for creating a positive image towards applicants who can be potential employees, providing clear understanding of work and what would be expected of them, enhancing quality of applicant pool, and reducing risk of ineffective decision. Recruiting managers need to discuss their plans or strategies with human resource services to allow perfect guidance as well as support to get all processes run smoothly. It is to be highly considered and taken care of during the phase of shaping the contents of recruitment activity perfect for vacancy (Treven, 2003). Draft information may be used in announcing position involving brief description of the required work and preferences for qualifications of employees like specific training, skills, abilities and knowledge. The coordinator of employment would review such announcement draft to maintain consistency with required specifications. If any selection technique is planned other than interview, it must be related directly to the key requirements of job and must be selected carefully, designed professionally, and applied properly for ensuring no existence of biasness within the selection process. Whenever required, help and support must be taken from the human resource department. Selection of staffs for vacant positions would be based upon their qualifications required to fill a position. Benefits would be given to those contestants who are considered to be most qualified. The respective authority should document reasonably the hiring decisions for verifying the advantages imparted and ground for selection (Supplemental Material for Individual Influence on Model Selection, 2012). The applicants need to possess the least qualification as well as experience for the respective position. The method would be used in cases of recruitments, transfers, promotions, and reinstatements. The qualification as well as experience needed act as indicators of the required knowledge, abilities, and skills as presented through job evaluation results in successful performances. Specific set of formal education can be substituted for necessary experience in several positions. In this context, three concepts may be mentioned of, namely job analysis, job description and job specification. Job analysis refers to the process of examining jobs for identifying vital requirements of jobs. This signifies the title of jobs, the employee responsible for the particular jobs, a concrete description of duties of to be performed by the employee (Snyder and Shahani-Denning, 2012). Job analysis would be useful for selecting employees from existing staffs or newly recruited staff. Job analysis also specifies the training needs of specific job, generates information to be used in making key decisions regarding materials to be used in the jobs, identify key risks, and many others. This job analysis may be conducted by the retail store by observing directly upon employees while at work, and also getting information from interviewing employees, or referring to training manuals. Job description for Retail Managers: All the managers engaged in the Timbacourt must be responsible for the on-going daily operations in departments. Their objectives must be to enhance profit while reducing costs. These managers need to ensure accurate promotions so that these are merchandized to the organizational standards, effective customer standards are achieved, and company staffs are well-versed upon the days target (Shim, Lusch and Goldsberry, 2002). Based on the size of the new store and the firms structure, all the managers may need to deal with marketing, human resource, information technology, logistics, finance, and customer service. The staffs at various departments must feel motivated to accomplish organizational objectives. They must not prioritize their personal objectives rather than organizational objectives. The staffs are required to perform their duties and deliver responsibilities in the most effective manner possible. Some of the common tasks of all retail managers would be: Managing as well as motivating teams to enhance sales with efficiency Managing of stock levels by taking effective decisions on stock control Analyzing and forecasting sales Deal with staff issues like conducting interviews, appraisals of performances, and arranging for training as well as development (Sanchez-Bahillo et al., 2012) Ensuring customer service, quality standards, and health standards Respond to customer comments Organizing special displays, events and promotions To maintain updates on business performances, and other issues (Poon, 2012) Maintaining records of market trends in the particular sector with proper understanding of customer demands and competitions. Introducing changes for business innovation Person specification for Retail Managers: Person specification refers to the means of identifying qualifications, knowledge, experience, competencies, and attributes required by an applicant to ensure effective business conducts. Such a structure needs to be clear and precise within the recruitment process as conditions upon which most desirable applicants would be shortlisted as well as selected (Pain, 2013). The process requires special care in devising the structure to ensure that the specifications do not discriminate amidst individuals in an unlawful manner. In case of Timbacourt, since the retail store aims at engaging into profitable activities, the human resource department of the firm needs to ensure effective planning person specification. The retail managers at Timbacourt are required to meet the standards of the following person specifications: The managers at all departments of Timbacourt must be highly efficient to deal with the day-to-day operations at the store (Miulescu, 2013). The managers must be effective enough to manage their team members and make them realize about the overall organizational objectives. The managers must assign suitable roles and responsibilities to each of their team members (Oparanma, 2011). The managers have the key responsibility to help the members realize the organizational objectives to achieve the desired profitability as well as effectiveness. The managers must maintain records of each of the members regarding their responsibilities, performance standards, and efficiency. Another key roles of retail managers at Timbacourt would be to motivate the team members to participate in the effective decision-making process within the store, and encourage them to take up increased responsibilities to achieve their personal goals along with organizational objectives. Job description for Staffs: Job description refers to the detailed account of the job including what all functions are to be performed, what procedures are to be followed, what all equipment or tools are to be used by the employees, and what time is required to accomplish the tasks. It sets out how an employee would fit into the firm (Miulescu, 2013). The job description for the staffs would present the list of processes or functions that the organizational members and staffs are required to perform and deliver. The job description would even state the procedures of the operations to enable the staffs to perform the tasks effectively. It would mention about the equipment to be used while performing the operations, and also the stipulated time within which the operations would be accomplished. The staffs at Timbacourt would be managed by their respective managers at various departments. The staffs are required to take on the roles and responsibilities assigned to them by their departmental managers. The assigned task would be clearly demonstrated to them through the job description (Kim, 2014). It would provide them every detail of the assigned task with respective processes, required materials, equipment, tools, and stipulated time to perform the operations. the staffs need to keep in mind about the desired organizational objectives vision while performing for the tasks. Training Plan for Managers: As the Company aims at expanding itself in the United Kingdom with the launch of a retail clothing store, it is important for the entire store to realize the importance of developing its employee at all organizational levels. The departmental managers are responsible for the daily operations of the store and it is only with their support and innovative managerial skills that the store may successfully increase its customer base and sales (Miller, Biggart and Newton, 2013). In order to enable the organizational managers to enhance their competencies, all junior managers across the different departments must be trained adequately. Thus, a plan has to be formulated to conduct effective training sessions for the departmental managers (Gingerich, 2007). Training of the managers may take place in two ways on the job training and off the job training. On the job training may be conducted where managers would learn through work experience practically. On the other hand, off the job training would allow managers to learn by attending courses. In this case, the departmental managers may be imparted with apprenticeship training and effective coaching or mentoring. The store managers may be grouped into batches and on an alternative manner these batches may be trained by effective mentors and experienced professionals from internal or external sources. Person specification for Staffs: Person or job specification highlights mental as well as physical features of the applicant. In case of Timbacourt retailer, the staffs at all departments are required to abide by the responsibilities assigned to them by their managers. The staffs at various departments must feel motivated to accomplish organizational objectives (Furnham and Chamorro-Premuzic, 2010). They must not prioritize their personal objectives rather than organizational objectives. The staffs are required to perform their duties and deliver responsibilities in the most effective manner possible. The staffs need to participate effectively in the decision-making process of the management to direct the firm towards the path of increased profitability. Task 2: Methods of Selection of Staffs: Selection of staffs for vacant positions would be based upon their qualifications required to fill a position. Benefits would be given to those contestants who are considered to be most qualified. The respective authority should document reasonably the hiring decisions for verifying the advantages imparted and ground for selection (Daily and Dalton, 2004). The applicants need to possess the least qualification as well as experience for the respective position. The method would be used in cases of recruitments, transfers, promotions, and reinstatements. The qualification as well as experience needed act as indicators of the required knowledge, abilities, and skills as presented through job evaluation results in successful performances. Specific set of formal education can be substituted for necessary experience in several positions (Duffin, 2013). Prediction of performances of future job is quite a complex process considering that effective performances within any given job role would be affected by variables organizationally or individually. Thus, research states that selection decisions should not be isolated from human resource practices occurring before or after the process. The practice of diversity management is another important factor to be considered in decision-making process (Bulle, 2014). The firm may make use of a much more sophisticated selection process and not just relying upon only one source of information based on which decisions about suitability of applicants would be taken for any specific job scopes. Some of the effective selection approaches drawn by the firm are informal as well as unstructured interviews, conducted over telephone or even structured situational interviews, competency-related interviews, selection through assessment centers, and psychometric tests. The utilization of psychometric tests within the selection process would be perceived as an approach to ensure procedural justice considering that tests would be administered equally for every applicant (Broadbridge and Parsons, 2005). It needs to be considered the firm Timbacourt that any job can be performed by individuals in different manners or ways and can still be effective. Hence, a one-size selection approach should never be selected by the firm. No matter how complex the process of recruitment or selection be, it is always important for the firm to monitor systematically the results of the recruitment or selection policies as well as practices. Recruitment Strategy: The retail store may implement some of the key strategies in the recruitment procedure and these may be advertisements in local papers, through recruiting agencies or firms, special journals, corporate websites, speculative applications, employee referral procedure, etc. These strategies would enable the firm to attract potential applicants (Abuzeid, 2008). Internet recruitment with technological advancement, online recruitment process acts as a useful means to recruit by recruitment agencies or employers. The rate of online recruitment has increased ever since 1998 and is still believed to grow (Broadbridge, 2007). The retail store of Timbacourt may implement the strategy of online recruitment of potential employees. This would reduce the overall costs of recruitment of the firm. The benefits not only reduces the overall costs, but it also enable the firm to reach a wide pool of applicants, reducing recruitment cycle, reduction of tedious paper works in the recruitment procedure. Online recruitment may provide an increased flexibility for applicants, thereby matching job-seeking nature of the labor market. Besides, online recruitment may create effective opportunities for firms to apply few pre-selection tests or tools, thereby enhancing the likelihood of effective match amidst applicants as well as job vacancies (Alstete, 2006). Employee referral schemes this technique of employee referral scheme has been becoming increasingly popular in practice. In this technique, existing employees refer or suggest potential applicants from their own social networks. In the present situation, majority organizations use this technique as it is considered to be one of the most reliable methods. The benefits of this technique include reduced recruitment expense and also allowing applicants to acquire an increased realistic job preview (Amin and Islam, n.d.). Besides, the willingness of present employees to suggest firms to others is utilized as an effective measure of commitment of firms within increased-performance workplaces. Recruitment may be conducted within a firm to fill a vacant post by either internal or external process. External recruitment The procedure of external recruitment would make it possible for Timbacourt retail store to make choice from a wide pool of talents and also provide opportunities for bringing innovative experience as well as ideas into the business. All the concerned managers of every department must take adequate care in making the best selection of recruitment process. These are designed for creating a positive image towards applicants who can be potential employees, providing clear understanding of work and what would be expected of them, enhancing quality of applicant pool, and reducing risk of ineffective decision (Anu, 2011). Recruiting managers need to discuss their plans or strategies with human resource services to allow perfect guidance as well as support to get all processes run smoothly. It is to be highly considered and taken care of during the phase of shaping the contents of recruitment activity perfect for vacancy. Impact of Timbacourts on-line business in relation to high street retail business: The online business firms would be increasingly motivated with the data of past success in the commerce of online business. Previously, customer had preferred reaching to the retailer shops to select products out of many options, and along with the technological advancements, the concept of online business had emerged. Even this innovative concept of online business is yet a new scope of investments (Augustin et al., 2014). The following graph would reflect the growing popularity on online conducts of business and increasing sales and revenues of the firm. Source: (Bauer, 2014) Online retail business has witnessed tremendous growth and success in the recent years. The traditional means have been well replaced by the advanced technology. Customers prefer taking less pain and effort to go up to the retail store to buy their desired products. Rather, they prefer buying those products sitting back at home by means of online purchase systems. The venture of Timbacourt to conduct business online would have greater impacts on customer satisfaction than that of its retail store at high street. The online processes would provide accessibility to increased customer base and this would allow more and more customers to become loyal customers of the brands (Broadbridge, 2002). With much ease and convenience, customers would be able to purchase products from out of numerous product options. The firm can also utilize internet-based process to track as well as manage applications of candidates that would provide considerable benefits to Timbacourt in terms of cost, efficie ncy, and capability for monitoring all recruitment actions. The modern technique of recruitment through online portal would replace all drawbacks of the traditional recruitment system such as lack of innovation to acquire the most efficient and suitable candidates for the desired post within the firm. References Abuzeid, A. (2008). Recruitment and selection into specialty training.Psychiatric Bulletin, 32(7), pp.274-274. Alstete, J. (2006). Inside advice on educating managers for preventing employee theft.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 34(11), pp.833-844. Amin, M. and Islam, A. (n.d.). Do Retail Firms Favor Female Managers? Evidence from Survey Data in Developing Countries.SSRN Journal. Anu, G. (2011). Seminars with Professionals: An Effective Recruitment Strategy.Frontiers in Neuroinformatics, 5. Augustin, I., Long, T., Rose, S. and Wass, C. (2014). Recruitment of house staff into anesthesiology: a longitudinal evaluation of factors responsible for selecting a career in anesthesiology and an individual training program.Journal of Clinical Anesthesia, 26(2), pp.91-105. Bauer, J. (2014). Selection Errors of Random Route Samples.Sociological Methods Research, 43(3), pp.519-544. Broadbridge, A. (2002). Retail managers: their work stressors and coping strategies.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 9(3), pp.173-183. Broadbridge, A. (2007). Dominated by women: managed by men? The career development process of retail managers.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 35(12), pp.956-974. Broadbridge, A. and Parsons, E. (2005). Gender and career choice.Career Dev Int, 10(2), pp.80-97. Bulle, N. (2014). A Method of Measuring Inequality Within a Selection Process.Sociological Methods Research. Daily, C. and Dalton, D. (2004). Director recruitment: planning and process.Journal of Business Strategy, 25(4). Dhillon, D. (n.d.). To Identify the Employability Skills for Managers through the Content Analysis of the Selected Job Advertisements.SSRN Journal. Duffin, C. (2013). Managers failing to heed lessons from Mid Staffs, survey suggests.Nursing Standard, 27(24), pp.5-5. Furnham, A. and Chamorro-Premuzic, T. (2010). Consensual Beliefs about the Fairness and Accuracy of Selection Methods at University.International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 18(4), pp.417-424. Gingerich, B. (2007). Staff Recruitment, Retention, and Training Strategies.Home Health Care Management Practice, 19(2), pp.151-153. Kim, J. (2014). Importance of alveolar recruitment strategy revisited.Korean J Anesthesiol, 67(2), p.75. Miller, L., Biggart, A. and Newton, B. (2013). Basic and employability skills.International Journal of Training and Development, 17(3), pp.173-175. Miulescu, I. (2013). Personality Traits of Managers with Professional Evolution in Retail Industry.Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 78, pp.235-239. Oparanma, A. (2011). The Relationship between Motivation and Job Satisfaction of Managers in the Retail Business in Nigerian.African Research Review, 5(5). Pain, E. (2013). Job Search Tips from Hiring Managers.Science. Poon, J. (2012). Real estate graduates employability skills.Property Management, 30(5), pp.416-434. Sanchez-Bahillo, A., Davis, C., Onyon, R. and Birtle, J. (2012). Involving service users in the recruitment of mental health staff: the Service User Informed Tool for Staff Selection (SUITSS).The Psychiatrist, 36(4), pp.133-136. Shim, S., Lusch, R. and Goldsberry, E. (2002). Leadership style profiles of retail managers: personal, organizational and managerial characteristics.International Journal of Retail Distribution Management, 30(4), pp.186-201. Snyder, J. and Shahani-Denning, C. (2012). Fairness Reactions to Personnel Selection Methods: A look at professionals in Mumbai, India.Int J Select Assess, 20(3), pp.297-307. Supplemental Material for Individual Influence on Model Selection. (2012).Psychological Methods. Treven, S. (2003). International training: the training of managers for assignment abroad.Education + Training, 45(8/9), pp.550-557. Ward, A. and McKillop, D. (2010). PROFILING: A STRATEGY FOR SUCCESSFUL VOLUNTEER RECRUITMENT IN CREDIT UNIONS.Financial Accountability Management, 26(4), pp.367-391. Yeh, C. (2003). The Selection of Multiattribute Decision Making Methods for Scholarship Student Selection.International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 11(4), pp.289-296. References

The Turing Test Was Designed By A Man Named Alan Turing In 1950. It Wa

The Turing Test was designed by a man named Alan Turing in 1950. It was initially called the imitation game. Originally, the test was designed to differentiate between males and females. It was played with three people?a man, a woman, and an interrogator. The interrogator would go into a separate room and try to determine who was the man and who was a woman by asking various questions such as How long is your hair? or Do you have an Adam's apple? Based on the answers to the participants' replies, the interrogator would decide who was the man and who was the woman. Often times this wasn't easy since the participants would be allowed to lie in order to try to throw the interrogator off. Turing went a step further with the imitation game idea by incorporating computers into it. He believed that in approximately fifty years (today's time) computers would be programmed to acquire abilities rivaling those of human intelligence. As part of his argument, Turing put forth the proposal in which a human being and a computer would be interrogated through textual messages by an interrogator who didn't know which was which. Ideally, if the interrogator were unable to distinguish them by questioning, then it would be unfair not to call the computer intelligent. Passing this test was considered regularly and reliably fooling an interrogator at least 50% of the time. Turing and Godwin both believed that anything that could pass the Turing Test was genuinely a thinking, intelligent being. In particular, they felt that passing the test illustrated that the computer had the ability to interact with humans by sensibly talking about topics that humans talked about. Also, passing the test according to Godwin reflected that the computer was able to understand how humans thought and interacted. Despite Turing and Godwin's obstinate belief that computers could think, many believed that this was not the case. In the book Can Animals and Machines Be Persons?, Goodman set out an objection called the Chinese-box argument. Essentially, a man (who had no knowledge of Chinese) would be placed in a box and textual messages similar to those found in the Turing Test would be displayed on the screen in either English or Chinese. Then, man inside the machine would give the appropriate responses in Chinese. Despite his lack of knowledge of Chinese, the man would be able to give responses by using a large Chinese Turing Test Crib Book. Ideally, the person inputting the questions would be unable to distinguish that man's Chinese from a native speaker's. That argument was extremely damaging. By describing the Chinese-box argument, Goodman was pointing out that externally it would seem that the man in the box understood both English and Chinese when in reality he wasn't thinking in Chinese the way he did in English ? he was really just translating the symbols he saw into different symbols. Fundamentally, computers did the same thing. They would translate their binary code into symbols which we could understand. To do so, they would use rules analagous to those found in the Chinese Turing Test Crib Book. Overall, the Chinese-box argument supported the idea that a computer could cleverly imitate thinking and understanding but could never be a real, literal thinker or person.

Repercussion of Great Depression

Repercussion of Great Depression Introduction The recent recession triggered by the housing market, bubble bust in the United States cases a negative ripple effect in the world’s financial markets. It triggered a recession that led to loss of millions of jobs in the world. Many governments had to institute bail out to save companies from collapsing.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Repercussion of Great Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The governments also instituted austerity measures that necessitated the slashing of national budgets effectively laying off millions of government workers globally. The US mortgage crisis that was the genesis of the financial crisis is blamed on the laxity of law enforcers or failure of the laws that have governed the financial market in the US. After the great depression in 1933, the US enacted laws that aimed to stem another crisis of the Great Depression’s magnitude. Though the great recess ion was not as serious as the Depression, it cased major financial imbalances that will take years to recover. It’s therefore safe to assume that the laws that have been crafted over time since the Great depression to guard financial markets against such crises have failed to work, or so it seems. The administrations of both Presidents Obama and Bush ensured the enactment of laws that stemmed the crises and stopped the bleeding of jobs. This action by the two administrations is reminiscent of the many that have characterized the formation and adoption of public policies especially those that are business oriented. The motivations behind the laws of this nature is the perceived gap created by business practices that are likely to result in uncouth business practices or complications in the financial system that lead to such crises. The laws are also crafted to protect investors from losing their money when these transactions are not carried out within the law. One such act is the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act (GLB), also referred to as the Financial Services Modernization Act of 1999, (Pub.L. 106-102, 113 Stat. 1338). The paper will focus its analysis on this law, its history, the rationale behind its enactment, its implementation, its impacts and the policy analysis. Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act (GLB) (Pub.L. 106-102, 113 Stat. 1338) History of the Act This a federal act of the United State enacted in the year 1999 and signed to law by President Bill Clinton. The law sought to regulate the dealings of financial institutions regarding the private information of their clients (Ingersoll et al. 1999, p. 48). To effectively work, the law included three parts i.e. The Financial Privacy Rule that governs the collection and use of private information, the Safeguards rule that governs the implementation of security programs by financial institutions.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get yo ur first paper with 15% OFF Learn More On that bit, the law requires the financial institutions to implement security systems that ensure effective security of clients’ private information. The last component of the law is the Pretexting provisions, which aims to curb access to client information through false pretence and /or impersonation. Additionally, the law makes it mandatory for financial institutions to serve to customer written notices that explain in detail their institutional practices about sharing information (Rezaee, 2001, p. 106). The above however was not the main reason why this act was passed. The main reason for the enactment of the law was to facilitate the opening up of the market among companies in the larger financial sector mainly; banking companies, securities companies and insurance companies. Through the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act (GLB), curbs imposed by the Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 prohibiting companies to offer b anking, insurance and brokerage services were removed.. The act in effect opened the gate for the merger of the companies operating in the three sections described above. The removal of the regulations however presented major gaps that potentially put customer private information at risk. Because of the mergers that were anticipated, there was a feeling that the companies may access, consolidate the customer information they had and sell it for other purposes other than for business. For instance, insurance companies were largely in control of most health records while banks maintained a huge database of financial information. Brokerage firms on the other hand had significant information on investment activities of their clients. A merger of the three of even two of them will have therefore exposed the customers to greater risks of illegal access and use of information. That is why the act contained the privacy provisions that regulate the use and sharing of private information of c ustomer of companies that needed to merge. Need for Enactment The need to enact the Gramm–Leach–Bliley Act (GLB) act was due to both business and government failures (Biegelman, 2009, p. 76). The US lawmakers referred to the law as a modernization law that meant to unlock the potential that financial companies had. Through that argument, Congress passed the law that repealed sections of the Glass–Steagall Act of 1933 and the Bank Holding Company Act that forbade banking companies from carrying out activities deemed to belong to the insurance sector. Congress therefore felt some potential for economic growth was inhibited by the absence of such a law. Through the GLBA act, banks were eligible to engage in a variety of financial services.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Repercussion of Great Depression specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More At the same time, mergers taking place at the time in other ind ustries apart from the financial sector in Europe especially led to the inclusion of the privacy elements of the law (Axelrod, 2009, p. 59). The European Union enacted the Data Protection Directive that required non-EU companies that dealt with EU citizens’ data to provide the same protection that these citizens were afforded in the EU zone. The self-regulatory system in the US was especially not favored by the EU hence the need to enact legislation in the US that provided the same protection as the EU. At the same time, there was overwhelming public opinion in the US that demonstrated dissatisfaction on the way banks and other financial institutions handled private information. Furthermore, there were scandals that served to highlights the risks involved in the breach of privacy. For instance, there was a scandal involving the Charter Pacific Bank of Agoura Hills, California and an adult website company. The bank illegally sold private credit card information of its clients to the company. The company then debited the accounts of the clients for services not rendered. In 1998, NationsBank was charged and fined millions for selling customer information to an affiliate investment company. The affiliate used the information to market its high-risk products to low risk borrower who in turn lost millions of dollars. Another case involved U.S. Bankcorp and the Minnesota Attorney General when he sued it for selling customer private information with third party marketers. The increasing private information violations and the expected avalanche of merger needed to be controlled. The GLBA provided the solution. Implementation The GLBA is a federal act and therefore it’s enforced by federal agencies (Dunham, 2000, p. 98). The various federal agencies are in charge of enforcing the GLBA law. The agencies are those that are involved directly overseeing regulation of financial institutions and other companies deemed to be financial institutions as specified b y the GLBA act. The most important institution that is involved in the implementation is the Office of the Comptroller of the Currency. Other are the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System and the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, both of who should work together with the comptroller of currency.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Other agencies tasked with implementing the law include the Office of Thrift Supervision, The Securities and Exchange Commission, and the National Credit Union Administration. Additionally, the individual State Insurance authorities and the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) also have a hand in enforcing the GLBA act. According to the GLBA, financial institutions are companies that avail financial services to individuals. These services may include and not limited to loans, financial and/or investment advice, and insurance services. According to the act, all institutions that meet the definition of a â€Å"financial institution† directly or by incident fall under the jurisdiction of the Federal Trade Commission. Non-bank mortgage lenders, real estate settlement service providers, banks, debt collectors, financial and/or investment advisors, loans brokers and real estate appraisers fall under this category that is directly administered by the FTC. For the enforcing institutions me ntioned above to effectively exercise their jurisdiction, it’s important that the financial institutions must be significantly be engaged in financial services or production that clearly makes them financial institutions. In the insurance sector, the GLBA states that jurisdiction is first enforced by the state so long as the law of the state minimally complies with the Act. Further, the state law can only enact provision for stricter compliance and not less than what the GLBA requires. It is important to note that the law sets the floor and ceiling that state laws can reach. It therefore means that the states can pass laws stricter than the federal version but not less. Impact on Business and Society/Successes Since its passage, the GBLA law has registered mixed success. Many companies have taken the advantage to merge while client’s private information is safer than it used to be. At least the occurrence of scandals involving divulging of client information has been m inimal. There is a feeling however that these success have not been realized optimally. It’s therefore important that the hurdles that are preventing more companies merging be eliminated before considerable success id realized. The Department of treasury says that the reaction to the GLB act has been evolutionary rather than radical. In 2003, the Department of treasury reported that out of the 6415 banking institutions in the US at the time, only a handful-633 had taken advantage of the act to transform to financial holding companies (Moeller, 2005, p. 76). Moeller (2005, p.76) says that consolidation took place but not in the scale and speed that nay analysts has predicted. This was due to a number of factors. According to (Winston Winston, 2009, p. 64) retail, banks have difficulty in buying insurance underwriters as opposed to brokerage of insurance services. Lack of experience in these banks that would have wanted to engage in wide financial services contributed to the l ack of enthusiasm form these financial players. Similarly, there was slow venturing into banking by brokerage firms owing to their diminished branch network, and lack of back shop footprint. There have been some mergers since the enactment of this law, for instance the 2004 merger of Bank of America with Fleet Boston. Despite the merger however, the conglomerates have experienced problems concerning difficulty in integrating investiments and insurance services. Additionally many other banks have had trouble with packaging of investiments and banking services to an extent that some of them have had to engage in questionable arrangements that have caused scandals. Despite the look warm reception, the treasury reported that the financial sector that has experienced the most significant change since the introduction of the Act is the securities, underwriting and dealing sectors. In these sectors, Department of Treasury says that banks have increased their ownership and as well as activi ties. Similarly, banking involvement in the insurance industry has experienced significant changes as a direct result of the enactment of this law. According to Moeller (2005, p.85), the GLBA legislation introduced significant alteration to the legal framework that governs activities of financial organizations and their affiliates in the United States. The alterations were chiefly brought by the repeal of the some sections of the Galss-Steagall Act as well as the Bank Holding Company act of 1956. (Rezaee, 2001, p. 120), states that the law has had limited impact on the Federal Home Loan Bank provisions. The act had provisions whose aim was to expand the FHLBank system for the smaller depository institutions in the US. Under the law, eligibility of several collaterals was extended for the advancement of loans to small businesses. The provisions collectively are thought to have positively impacted small businesses. Policy analysis The enactment of the GLBA act opened the markets for m ergers and acquisitions in the financial sector (Winston Winston, 2009, p. 64). Many companies in the industry favored the passage of the act at the time. One argument that they put forwards was that after the passage individuals will be able to carry out their financial transactions at one go instead of doing savings and investiments at different institutions. One of the earliest beneficiaries of the passage of the act was CitiGroup, which had merged with traveler insurance. However since the law at the time could not allow, the new entity had to be issued with a forbearance until the act was passed hence acquiring full legal status (Mayer et al 1999). Weaknesses There has been a lot of analysis on the effects and effectiveness of the GLBA act. However, the law is criticized by as having a number of flaws that contribute to its weaknesses (Schell, 1999, p. 56). The Act according to (Schell, 1999, p. 60), GLBA does not protect consumers. The opt out standards has been cited as one of the many provisions so GLBA that unfairly places on an individual to protect privacy. The opt-out standard effectively puts the customer on weaker position to control their financial information that they may consider private. The provision assumes that the financial institutions will share the customer information unless they are told not to. Additionally it assumes that financials institutions are free to share the customer information incase of non-response from customers when the institution communicates to them. The enforcement mechanisms of the GLBA have also come under attack.. (Rezaee, 2001, p. 130) asserts that enforcement and compensation mechanism laid out in the act are quite weak. He says that the mechanisms are weak to a point that they cannot assure compliance even in the face of the existing weak privacy protection mechanisms. The fact that enforcement largely rests with federal agencies leaving the individual with virtually no right of protection is a weak point that does not adequately address the problem at hand. Another weakness of the GLBA is the fact that it leaves a gap under the service provider/ joint marketing exemption. Under this exemption, the financial institutions can freely share private customer information with third parties even if the customer has opted out. This gap can easily be exploited by companies who may misuse customer information under the pretext of joint marketing. Customer control of affiliate marketing information sharing is severely hampered. Customers who may be engaged in affiliate marketing have little control over sharing or their information since they have not been considered under the opt out provision. (Benson et al. 1999, p. 79) says that financial institutions can easily amass hundreds of affiliates, which may not be dealing in financial services. They can then share customer information since customers will not be having an opt out right. The notices that will be issued under the third provision o f the privacy section are written in legal jargon, that most ordinary people won’t understand. The law assumes that companies will assists customers by explaining the complex legal information that will help a customer make an informed choice. There is also the concern over the convoluted and confiding opt out notices and policies. The confusion that more often misleads clients is purposely done to serve the issuing entity’s interests. The act provides little room for maneuver of customers in the cases where the notices lack transparency. Additionally, the notices that GLBA demand be issued state the companies inform customers of their intention to share the information. However, they do not provide for a provision that requires the companies to reveal with whom they are sharing the information (Schell, 1999, p. 99). Many financial sector critics including President Obama have hit out at the law as the main cause of the 2007 financial crisis that almost led to the coll apse of the global financial system. According to the critics, the law led to the deregulation of the financial industry. Deregulation facilitated the formation of gigantic companies that were obsessed with the â€Å"too big to fail† attitude. Furthermore, the law necessitated less oversight on sensitive financial dealings such as derivatives that were later taken advantage of by unethical financial dealers. Recommendations In the face of the above weaknesses, there is a need for the amendment of the GLBA act to institute changes that will ensure better protection of consumers and security of the financial system. There is need for financial institutions to implement an opt out approach that defines the use of personal information. That way, accidental, unwanted or disclosure through negligence will be avoided besides placing the burden on the actors who will be receive and gain from the disclosed information. This way the financial institutions will be protecting themselves and the privacy of their customers. Failure to implement and use of the opt out provision for advancement of corporate interests is likely to adversely affect the companies (Benson et al. 1999, p. 47). Additionally, financial institution should consider availing and accept alternative opt out methods in cases where an opt out framework is maintained by the institution. An amendment requiring the financial institutions to avail the opt out process through local branch offices or through the internet needs to be done. This will help customers make an informed decision when opting out. On the same note, the financial institutions should be required to provide simple and coherent privacy policies. The law should ensure these policies follow universal standards of readability for the enhancement of transparency (Benson et al. 1999, p. 47). It’s important that the amendments to the GLBA law require financial institutions ton disclose that the information that they collect will be u sed for. This can be availed in the privacy reports and will greatly enhance transparency and accountability in these institutions. Furthermore, the amendments should require financial institutions to grant customers rights to statutory access to be enlightened about industry practices. As a result customers will be informed on the information collecting process as well as their uses. It will come in hand in making decisions. One of the most glaring omissions by the GLBA is the failure to give state authorities power to oversee the transactions carried out by these financial institutions. It is therefore important for any amendments to include provisions that will grant state authorities concurrent jurisdiction for the effective enforcement of the law. Given that all companies are situated in individual states, the states’ law enforcement agencies will be better placed to implement the law’s provisions (Schell, 1999, p. 101). The law will also need to have provisions t hat will make it easier for offended clients to seek redress when privacy rights have been violated. Currently the law does not give a private right of action, which greatly hampers individuals in seeking redress especially if there are issues with opting out. Additionally, the amendments should consider giving the individual the right to access and review the information so that he/she can help in correction in cases of inaccuracies and/ or incomplete data. There needs to amendments that help in the regulation of sensitive financial market practices such as trading in derivatives. Former president Clinton admitted that he was wrong and probably he may have been misled to accept the provisions of the law on the matter such as derivatives. The law as it is gives too much autonomy to financial companies. The autonomy has been unethically used and contributed to the fall of the housing market in 2008. Many analysts believe the law should have been implemented in bits. The provisions co ntained in the law gave too much freedom to the financial sector in a sudden manner that clearly overwhelmed many institutions. They also contend that the scope of operation given to these financial institutions should be reduced probably to more or less, to what it was under the Glass–Steagall Act of 1933. Its safe to assume that the provisions of this law that were repealed when the GLBA came to law played a crucial role in stemming a crisis of similar to the great depression and the 2008 financial crisis. References Axelrod, W. et al. (2009). Enterprise information security and privacy. New York: Thomson learning. Benson et al. (1999). Financial services modernization: Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act of 1999. Washington: Routledge. Biegelman, T. M. (2009). Identity Theft Handbook: Detection, Prevention, and Security. New York: Cengage Learning. Dunham, B. W. (2000). After the Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act: a road map for insurance companies. Burlington: Thomsons Learning. Ingersoll et al. (1999). Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act. New York: Routledge. Mayer et al. (1999). The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act: executive summary review and analysis. New York: Sage. Moeller, R. R. (2005). Brinks modern internal auditing. Los Angeles: Routledge. Rezaee, Z. (2001). Financial institutions, valuations, mergers, and acquisitions. New Jersey: Cengage Learning. Schell,J.M. (1999). Private equity funds: business structure and operations. New York: Infobase Publishers. Winston,J. Winston, A. (2009). Complete Guide to Credit and Collection Law. New York: Sage Publishers.

Environmental science assignment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Environmental science assignment - Essay Example (MacFarlan & Sgherri, 2001) Research has also demonstrated that there is a direct relationship between the extent of HIV prevalence and the severity of reduction in growth of gross domestic product in a country. (Piot et al, 2001) Many children in Botswana are growing up with one parent, and a growing percentage are growing up having lost both parents to AIDS or to concomitant infections. It has been suggested that the increased population of orphans could have a negative effect on biodiversity caused by excessive reliance on hunting and food gathering of children orphaned by AIDS. It also seems extremely likely that the dispensation of human bodies could prove problematic, as any mechanism for caring for the dead could involve contamination of air or groundwater. Further studies must be undertaken to fully understand the ramifications of AIDS infections and deaths on the environmental status of Botswana and other South African countries. 1d) The US and Canada could take many steps t o reduce the prevalence of AIDS in Botswana and in sub-Saharan Africa in general. For one, working to equalize treatment of women would go a long way toward preventing new infections. Supporting programs to educate girls and women would reduce infection, and providing safe spaces for girls and women would prevent infection through rape and other nonconsensual sexual acts. The Stephen Lewis Foundation funds educational programs for young women and girls in an effort to empower them to protect and support themselves. 2) Precautionary Principle â€Å"The precautionary principle sets forth no positive obligation; it simply reminds legislators that they cannot wait for proof of a cause-effect linkage between a given substance, process, or activity and environmental harm before acting to reduce or eliminate the risk of this harm.† (Ellis, 2006) As a justification for public health policy in particular, the precautionary principle has serious drawbacks. Likewise, a company seeking t o introduce a novel substance or process into the environment ought to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of that novelty before being permitted to act. Critics have stacked precautionary practices because they have "produced and promoted ineffectual environmental policies." (Gardiner, 2006). This practice presupposes that human beings fully understand their environment, and that they fully comprehend the ramifications of that. Suppose a process designed to remove chemical pollution from the air was introduced, and that this process involves the use of heavy metals to bind the aforementioned chemical pollution. How would the resultant toxic slurry be disposed of? What about potential harm to individuals working to implement the law? These questions and more would have to be addressed in a satisfactory manner before the process should be legalized, and companies permitted to go forward with implementation plans. Anyone wishing to introduce a new chemical, industrial process, land us e change or any other significant and novel development into any society should absolutely be required to demonstrate not only the safety but the efficacy of that development and transparency of intent before they are permitted to introduce it, even if they are ostensibly acting in the interests of public health. All too often, the needs of large corporations are valued over those of individual human beings. Anyone who stands to make a profit from the introduction or implementation of a novel venture ought to be prohibited from sponsoring

Documentary Film journal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Documentary Film journal - Essay Example My homeland is Iran. After the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, Iran experienced a tremendous influx of immigration from these regions; today this immigration constitutes one of the largest social issues in Iran. As the issue has garnered significant media attention, it’s recognized that there has also been significant misrepresentation. To a large degree I recognized that the media’s representation of these immigrants was unfair and increasingly produced negative stereotypes. In fact, these immigrants are required to work long hours for extremely limited pay in a process that is akin to modern slavery. While I had direct experience with immigration in Iran, my knowledge of the illegal immigration experienced in the United Kingdom was limited. Still, after a quick perusal I came to recognize that the immigrant experience in this region held many parallels to the abhorrent conditions Iranian immigrants experienced. Indeed, further research demonstrated that the problem of t he illegal immigration experience cannot be limited to any one region, but is instead a global problem. Indeed, Chinese writer and journalist Pai notes: The number of people living outside their countries of origin more than doubled between 1975 and 2000, from 75 million to 175 million, and is likely to double again in the next twenty-five years, according to International Labour Organization (ILO). Among the 175 million away from home, migrant workers and their families now account for 120 million people globally. It’s estimated that undocumented migrant workers constitute about twenty per cent of global migration: which means that there are around 24 million ‘illegal workers’ world-wide (2007, p. 246). This understanding of the global and expanding nature of the illegal immigration crisis greatly influenced and inspired my research and motivated my documentary production. To a large degree it was the namelessness of these immigrants that grabbed my attention an d emotionally affected me. I considered that because of the nature of their condition they lack any status and in a sense it’s as if they don’t exist. I began to focus my research on a number of books and articles. These include: Reluctant Refuge, Enslaved, Modern Slavery, Chinese Whispers and etc. After my initial research of the pervading subject literature, I sought out a number of individuals who were experts in immigration law. Finally, having gained a thorough foundational understanding, I turned to major films on the subject. There is a tremendous amount of cinematic exploration of the immigration issues. My research involved films including: Ghosts (2006) by Nick Broomfield, Welcome (2009) by Philippe Lioret, Journey of Hope (1990) by Xavier Koller, La Promesse (1996) by Dardenne Brothers, Dirty Pretty Things (2002) by Stephen Frears, Gypo (2005) by Jan Dunn, The Visitor (2007) by Thomas McCarthy and etc. My next step was attending trials that included illegal immigrants as a means of gaining a first-hand perspective on the interaction between law and immigration. Interview Process After researching literature, film, and legal elements, I turned my focus to reaching out to interview actual illegal immigrants. As one might expect this was the most challenging aspect of my research. These individuals are an invisible part of the economic structure

Biological Anthropological Analysis of Gorilla

Biological Anthropological Analysis of Gorilla Gorilla Biological anthropology is also known as physical anthropology, it is an interesting mixture of social studies and biology of people. This study concerned with the biological and behavioural aspects of human beings, and their related non-human primates and their extinct ancestors. To grasp how human evolution, occur from earlier life forms (primates). Primates include (Homo sapiens), the apes, the monkeys and gorillas. we can know about primate behaviour by studying them. If I would like to talk about gorilla. the largest of the living primates, it is ground dwelling herbivore animal that inhabits the forest of Africa. They are also known for their gentle human like behaviour and emotions such as laughter and sadness. They even make their own tools to assist them survive in the forest. Gorillas are stocky animals with broad chests and shoulders. Some of the body parts seem to be same as humans like hands and their small eyes set with hairless faces. They play a very important role in local biodiversity, roaming through large territories assist humans for example to spread the seeds of fruits they consume. Studies have shown gorilla blood is not reactive to anti-A and anti-B which would in humans indicate type O blood. Moreover, like humans, gorillas have different finger prints. Classification of Gorillas based on their species: Gorillas are our closest living relative after chimpanzees and bonobos. they are divided into two species; the eastern gorilla (G. g. diehli) and the western gorilla (G. g. gorilla). The eastern gorilla consists of two more sub-species. These species are the eastern lowland (G. B Graueri) and the mountain gorilla. (G. B. Beringei). Physical description: Gorillas are the largest living primates. They are stocky animals with broad chests and shoulders. Some of the body parts seem to be same as humans like larger hands, eyes, face.ÂÂ   There DNA is 97% 98% identical to that of a human. There forearms are much shorter than the upper arm. The face is black and hairless with small eyes that are close together and prominent nostrils. Adults males are identified by sagittal crest along the midline of the skull and a small are of white hairs on the black that is why they also known as silverbacks. Moreover, eastern gorillas have darker and longer fur on their arms whereas western gorillas have shorter hairs which grey or brown in colour. Size: adult males weigh up to 200kg whereas females have around half the size. They can reach the height of 1.2 to 1.7 meters when standing on two feet. Social structure of gorillas: They have a well-developed social structure. They forming stable family groups in which dominant male keep the position for years. Usually they are 5 to 10 individuals in one group or vary from 2 to over 50 members. Furthermore, if any male gorilla leaves the group, he wanders alone for many years. whereas female gorillas leave their group at maturity to join other group or single males. But it is very rare in female gorillas and they reproducing in their original groups. Life cycle of gorillas: Female gorillas become sexually mature at age of 7-8 years old. but they start breeding several years later. Whereas males are mature later than females. But some of the gorillas starts breeding before the age of 15 years. They have high infant mortality. There is long gestation to single births (8.5) months. Females generally give birth to three or four babies during their reproductive life. the mortality rate for gorillas is less than one year old is high, but for the adults the rate is only 5 %. In the wild they might live for 40 years old. in the united states, a captive gorilla was reported to have lived to the age of 54. Reproduction: Female will purse their lips and slowly approach a male while making eye contact. This serves to urge the male to mount her. If the male does not respond, then she will try to attract his attention by reaching towards him or slapping the ground. Males incite copulation by approaching a female and displaying at her or touching her. Male gorillas are not active in a caring for the young. But they do play a role in socialising them to other youngsters. the silverback has a largely supportive relationship with infants in his troop and shields them from aggression within the group infants remain in contact with their mothers for the first five months and mothers stay near the silverback for protection. Infants began to break their contact with their mothers after five months.by 12 months old infants move up to five meters from their mothers when they enter juvenile period at the third year and this last until their sixth year. Intelligence: Gorillas are considered highly intelligent. A few individuals in captivity such as koko, have been taught a subset of sign language like other apes, gorillas can laugh grieve have rich emotional lives, develop strong family bonds, make tools and think about past and future. Diet: Gorillas are mainly herbivorous(vegetation)and they spend almost half of the day in feeding on stems, bamboo shoots and a variety of fruits. How do gorilla communicate? As we know gorillas live in the dense rain forests where it is very difficult to see the group members. So, they use mainly vocalisation for communication in accordance with their role as group leader. For newly born babies of gorillas. Vocalisations (screaming)are the most way to attracting their mothers attention to their needs. However, body parts and facial expression also indicate the gorillas mood. Postures signalling mood or intention to the partner are sometimes even used for communication over greater areas. http://www.bing.com/videos/search?q=communication+videos+of+gorillasqpvt=communication+videos+of+gorillasview=detailmid=5DAF26CADB7EC10E05E75DAF26CADB7EC10E05E7FORM=VRDGAR Moreover, gorillas senses resemble those to humans. They also use the senses in their communication not only hearing and seeing, but also touching and smelling. Silverback males have a characteristic smell. In dangerous situations, they emit very specific scent that can smell from many metres that can help to alert the group without producing any noise. This is very rare that gorillas using tools in the wild. Western lowland gorillas have been observed using sticks to apparently measure the depth of water and as walking sticks to support their posture when crossing deeper water.an adult female used a detached trunk from a small shrub as a stabilizer during food gathering. Nesting : Gorillas construct nests for daytime and night use. Their nests are a simple aggregation of branches and leaves about 2 to 5ft and constructed by individuals. Molecular ecology of gorillas: Microsatellite analysis can reveal unexpected patterns of behaviour for example the high frequency of extra pair mating in socially monogamous birds [reviewed in griffin et al.,2002]. In animal groups, neither mating behaviour nor social dominance rank always predict paternity, and genetic analysis have revealed the presence of alternative, unobserved male mating strategies that produce a significant proportion of offspring e.g.., in grey scales. [Worthington Wilmer et, al., 1999]and free living sheep [colt man et al., 1999]. One of the earliest attempts to use a molecular approach to assess the genetic mating system in wild apes was made in a study of mountain gorillas however the conclusions were limited while most gorillas social groups appear to be composed of a single mature silverback male along with adult females and offspring, some 40%mountain gorillas group contained two or more silverback males [Robbins, 1999; Schaller, 1963; Webber and vedder,1983]. Reasons why gorillas are endangered? Habitat Loss, Reduction, and degradation. Poaching Poaching is the illegal hunting that can be used for commercial purposes. Poachers can kill gorillas to sell their meat and various body parts or some time they capture gorillas and keep them alive and use gorillas as private collection of animals. Diseases:Â  due to the genetic similarity between humans and gorillas, they are also victims of outbreaks that can affect people.one of the major virus is known as Ebola virus and poaching are the threats of the western lowland gorillas By 2003, one-third wild gorillas had died due to this virus. Other diseases affecting gorillas are polio, hepatitis A, tuberculosis and intestinal parasites References: http://www.worldwildlife.org/species/gorilla http://www.bing.com/videos https://www.defenders.org/gorilla/basic-facts Coltman DW, Bancroft DR, Robertson A, Smith JA, Clutton-Brock TH, Pemberto JM. 1999. Male reproductive success in promiscuous mammal: behavioural esti-mates compared with genetic paternity. Mol Ecole 8:1199-1209.

International Businesses Essay

What are the implications of these shifts for international businesses based in Britain? North America? Hong Kong? Over the last 30 years, there has been a shift away from a world in which national economies are relatively self-contained entities, isolated by barriers to trade and investment, and differences in government regulation, culture, and business systems and toward a world where barriers to trade and investment are declining, cultures are converging, and national economies are merging into an integrated, interdependent global economic system. As companies from Japan and emerging markets like China play a more vital role in the world economy, the dominance of companies from the United States and Western Europe has diminished. Significant implications for British firms involve their need to look beyond Europe and America for investment and opportunities. Consumer spending power is growing the most quickly in developing countries. British firms also face the opportunity (and the threat) of attracting Asian firms interested in Britain as a launch pad for the European market. For North American firms, the same holds true, although the importance of the increasing prosperity in Latin America suggests a potentially huge market in â€Å"their backyard.† Hong Kong, while losing its â€Å"independence†, is perceived as the gateway to the immense market of mainland China. While the free market freedoms Hong Kong firms have enjoyed are now less taken for granted, access to China is improving along with the move towards a market economy within China. International businesses based in all three locations are facing new opportunities and threats.

Was Mary Bloody or Misunderstood Essay

Mary became Queen of England in 1553, after she executed Lady Jane Grey. Source A, in the textbook, says that â€Å"There were bonfires and tables in every street and wine and beer and ale†, this is an account from the diary of a Londoner at the time Mary became Queen, and so it is quite reliable. Mary mistook this celebration to mean that the people of England were glad they had a Catholic Queen on the throne. So she set about trying to turn the country into a Catholic country. This did not settle well with the public and caused many Protestants to take an immediate disliking towards her. As Mary realised this she took to giving the death penalty to as many heretics as she could. Source A, on the sheet, say that â€Å"Women at their marketing, men at their daily trade†¦ all learned to know the sweet smell of burning flesh.† This was written by a historian in 1940 so it is not very reliable, however it does show that a lot of burnings took place. Source D, on the sheet, is written by D. Loades, a historian, in 1991 said that â€Å"Mary personally bears the responsibility for the death of nearly 300 heretics, but she also executed traitors more ruthlessly than either her father or her sister†A famous writer at the time, John Foxe, wrote about Mary I. He said that neither man, woman or child was spared from the cruel burnings at Mary’s hand. A section of his writing, including this information, is quoted in Source B; it was written in 1559, a year after Mary’s death, so it is more reliable than other sources. However even though it was written around Mary’s time, John Foxe was a Protestant so the information could be bias. Source E, on the sheet, written by a historian in 1990, says â€Å"The Bishop of Winchester had urged Mary to burn the heretics, but it was Mary who insisted on continuing even when it was obvious the cruel punishments were leading people to support the Protestants rather than turn to the Catholic religion.† If people weren’t listening and actually going against her, the Queen, then it would probably have annoyed her even more because she wouldn’t have had the control over the country she wanted. Therefore she might have increased the executions. Source F says that when Mary died â€Å"All the churches in London rang their bells and that night bonfires were lit and tables placed in the street and people ate drank andmade merry.† This was written by a Londoner at the time Mary died so it is a reliable source,  however he might have been Protestant which could have made the account bias. Many people thought Mary deserved the name ‘Bloody Mary’ but there was also people who thought she was just misunderstood. Source A is Mary speaking to her council in 1555, so it is very reliable, when she began the public executions â€Å"Concerning punishments of heretics, we think I ought to be done without rashness. The people must see that any condemned are treated fairly, so that they understand the truth.† I think she was saying that when they want to arrest somebody, or execute them, they should make sure they have the right facts and make sure it is the right person. This might make people think that she is being fair about who she arrests and why. When Mary married Philip of Spain, who was Catholic, England helped Spain in the war against France. The result of the war was the loss of the last place England owned on France-Calais. Now, historians agree that it was probably unavoidable, so that shows us that it was not Mary’s fault. This is a good example of how she was misunderstood because she was only trying to help her husband’s country. Source D is about this and was written in 1994 so the time is not near, however by then people will have had more information about the events following the situation. So it is quite a useful source. At the time of Mary’s death a poem was written about her: Her perfect life in all extremes Her patient heart did show For in this world she never found But doleful days and woe The poem is saying that Mary tried to be kind and patient but she was only repaid with unhappy days full of sorrow. It was written by an anonymous poet so it could be bias but it is written when she died so it is quite a useful source but not completely trustworthy. Source C points out that Mary benefited the country greatly by reforming the tax system, the Army and the Navy. This shows that Mary cared about the country and it’s welfare/condition so she wasn’t a horrible person to her people. Source E says â€Å"Lady Jane Grey and her husband were sentenced to death but Mary saved them and they were only executed after they were thought to be involved in Wyatt’s rebellion against Mary.† This source was written in 1964 by a historian so it is not useful for the time it was written but useful because  the historian would have had all the facts, however the person could have been bias. The source shows that Mary was a kind person and she wanted to help a friend who was in trouble. Source B says that it wasn’t only Mary that killed people, in Essex â€Å"between 17 and 24 people were hanged each year for common theft.† This was written by a historian in 1976 so it is quite a reliable source however the historian could be bias on the subject of Mary and whether she was bloody or misunderstood. Looking at equal evidence for both sides of the argument, I think that Mary is bloody. I think this because she has killed so, so many people just because t hey had a different opinion to her! Any person can take a dislike to somebody if they have a completely different view to them. However it takes a horrible person to go so far as to kill nearly 300 people just to try and get everybody to agree with you. Even when she knew it wasn’t working, and she was just turning people against her, she carried on. She does have some good points – for instance reforming the tax system, the Army and the Navy – however she should be doing things like that because she was the queen and she had to have responsibilities. But taking it so far was just evil. When she realised that she was just turning people away from Catholicism and towards Protestantism she should have held back and tried to turn the country toward Catholicism in a different and less murderous way. Overall I think that Mary I deserves the name Bloody Mary and that she was a terrible queen.